AMERICAN HISTORY STUDY GUIDE 1

13th AMENDMENT

freed slaves

14th AMENDMENT

they are now citizens

15th AMENDMENT

black men can vote

RADICAL REPUBLICANS

a political party that started after the civil war, they wanted to end slavery and give them equal rights, they wanted to punish the southern states for starting the war. Radical republicans wanted to give the south strict rules before rejoining America. they did not like carpetbaggers because they would try to take over the south.

PROTECTIVE TARIFF

An extreme tax on items imported from other countries. This made Americans want to buy things made in America.

PATENT

were created by the government to provide a way for inventors to gain exclusive rights for their inventions.

WHAT ARE LAISSEZ FAIRE POLICIES?

Allowed for business men to keep their earnings by paying minimum in taxes with little to no government oversight.

CORPORATION

have the same rights as individuals; a linked system of business. A corporation is a business that is very widespread but has different owners and managers.

MONOPOLY

the complete control of a product or how a product is delivered

CARTEL

when multiple companies own all the production.

WHAT TYPE OF BUSINESS MODEL ASSIGNS STOCK TO A SEPARATE ORGANIZATION IN ORDER TO GET AROUND THE LAW

have trusts

HORIZONTAL INTEGRATION

when one person (rockefeller) has different trusts (exon mobile, shell, marathon, and chevron) that give him all of the money earned. They are paid for being the trustees. This was Rockefeller's way of not being considered a monopoly.

VERTICAL INTEGRATION

When one person owns everything to create the product- he owns the land where he drills the oil, he owns the oil and gas and refinery, he owns the trucks that transport the oil. He owns the gas station.

SOCIAL DARWINISM

means only the best and brightest people can succeed.

ROBBER BARON

negative connotation- they took your money.

CAPTAIN OF INDUSTRY

seen as powerful men who were good examples for our country. People liked that they made libraries and schools for our country. They also brought jobs to many people

COLLECTIVE BARGAINING + EXAMPLE

people would all negotiate better working conditions and better pay. These are what unions did.

HAYMARKET RIOT

union convention turns violent after police try to shut it down, this stops unions until the great depression.

JOHN D. ROCKEFELLER + HIS BUSINESS

he was a shrewd businessman; he dropped out at 16 and started his partnerships by 20. He was the first billionaire in America. His business was Standard Oil.

HOW DID ROCKFELLER AND VANDERBILT CO-OPERATE IN THEIR BUSINESS

Rockefeller wanted to have vertical integration so he could make as much $$$ as possible. He did not own the railroads, but Vanderbilt did. Rockefeller talked to Vanderbilt and said that he gets half off the price to use the railroad if he uses the railroad EVERY day.

ICC + SIGNIFICANCE

Interstate commerce commission; it overlooked the railroad on a federal level; not a state level.

PUSHES FROM THEIR OLD COUNTRIES

people left their home countries due to lack of education and opportunities.

PULLS TO COME TO AMERICA

People came to America for opportunities and the education they were able to receive.

ELLIS ISLAND + WHO

In New York City; eastern and southern Europeans came through Ellis Island.

ANGEL ISLAND + WHO

In San Francisco Bay, Chinese, Japanese and Indians came through Angel Island.

NATIVISM

Nativism is when the Americans did not want immigrants taking their jobs or changing the way they did things.

MELTING POT

When people were migrating to America, everyone adapted many of the same cultures and customs while here. This can be referred to as the melting pot.

AMERICANIZATION

when many immigrants come to the US and adopt many american traits like customs and language.

GOLDRUSH + WHERE

Started in pikes peak + started in 1860 when people were traveling west to get rich off of gold.

WHAT TYPE OF ENTREPONOUR BENEFITTED MOST FROM PEOPLE MOVING WEST

Business owners who made hotels, saloons, and restaurants because the people needed food and somewhere to sleep

VIGILANTE

people who decide to take the law into their own hands.

BOOMTOWN

many towns springing up fast

GHOST TOWN

A town that was full of people during the gold rush, but turned empty once all the gold was gone.

TRANSCONTINENTAL RAILROAD

More and more people moved west, introducing 10 new states. It was very important because now anyone could go across the country very quickly.

JOB OF COWBOY

Due to the open range system, they would go get all of the cattle that had wandered. Cowboys knew where the cattle would tend to go.

HOMESTEAD ACT OF 1862

You had to live there for 5 years, dig a well, and build a road.

INDIAN TRIBE + DESCRIBE IT

The Sioux thrived off of buffalo. They were very nomadic because they would constantly have to move with the buffalo.

GEORGE CUSTER

was a U.S. army officer. He led the Battle of Little Bighorn.

AFTERMATH OF LITTLE BIG HORN

Custer died and 2 good Indian chiefs took their land back

CRAZY HORSE

was bayoneted a because he refused to go to jail

WHICH INDIAN CHIEF SURRENDERED TO US FORCES BUT WAS KILLED UPON SURRENDER? WHY? WHO WAS SITTING BULL

Sitting Bull died after he surrendered due to an accidental gun being shot at him. After Sitting Bull died- all his people fled to wounded knee.

WHAT MADE WOUNDED KNEE SIGNIFICANT

After Sitting Bull died, all of his people fled to Wounded Knee and the U.S. The Army confronted the Sioux. This was the end of the Indian Wars.

WHAT AREAS OF SOCIETY DID PROGRESSIVE BELIEVE WERE MOST IN NEED OF REFORM

Big businesses and corporations

NAME THE REPORTERS THAT TR BELIEVED ONLY FOCUSED ON THE NEGATIVE ASPECTS OF THE NEWS

muckracers

WHICH GROUPS OF AMERICAN SOCIETY WOULD HAVE A NEGATIVE VIEW OF PROGRESSIVISM

Democrats and big business owners

HOW DID TR BEGIN HIS FIGHT FOR CORUPTION

He joined the board of police commissioners.

HOW WAS TR VIEWED BY THE AMERICAN PEOPLE

People really liked him because he shaped legislation and used the media to influence many people.

TRUSTBUSTING

breaking up the trusts from the gilded age using bully pulpit and federal power.

SQUARE DEAL

T.R.'s influence to keep the wealthy business owners from taking advantage of the poor and small business owners.

HOW WAS TR CONSERVATIVE + PROGRESSIVE

He was progressive because he pushed for reforms that helped protect common people. An example of this was him shutting down trusts. He was conservative because he valued a strong navy and believed in keeping traditional values.

CENTRAL POWERS

germany, austria hungary, ottoman empire, Italy

ALLIED POWERS

france, england, russia, japan, US

MILITARISM

glorification of the military.

NATIONALISM

a strong feeling of pride for one's country.

SINKING OF THE LUSITANIA

the Germans torpedoed a British ship using unrestricted submarine warfare. 128 Americans died and left many people very upset.

THE ZIMMERMAN TELEGRAM

Germany they would get American territories back. The telegram was seen by the British government and they shared it with the U.S.

US DESIRE FOR NEUTRALITY IN WWI

We did not want to get involved because we had a mix of different nationalities because of Ellis Island and Angel Island. We also had a very weak and segregated government with not enough men.

PROPOGANDA

ideas spread to influence the public on a cause- can be negative or positive

COMMITTEE OF PUBLIC INFORMATION

To build support for the war effort. Anything Anti- German

MEUSSE

ARGONNE OFFENSIVE- also known as the 100 days offensive (only lasted 47 days). Largest military engagement in US history with 1.2 million soldiers and 117,00 casualties.

BATTLE OF BELLEAU WOOD

American victory- set germans back 3 years in their war efforts

BLACK JACK

JOHN PERSHING- He was in control of the whole army and got awarded 5 stars. He said that the US army should be separate from France + British armies.

DATE OF ARMISTICE

11/11/1918

WILSONS 14 POINTS

Self determination, end to imperialism and reduction of arms

LEAGUE OF NATIONS

Countries would come together to solve problems to avoid future wars.

TREATY OF VERSILLES

The treaty that would end WWI. It would have Germany paying severe war reparations. In the treaty, it also was included that you would be a part of the league of nations. We did not want to be in the league of nations because many people thought we would get involved into unnecessary wars.

URBAN LIFE IN 20'S

A sea of sooo many people (strangers)

RURAL LIFE IN 20'S

safe, personal ties (morals) people promoted the country

18TH AMENDMENT

prohibited manufacturing, selling, and transportation of alcohol.

BOOTLEGGING

those who smuggled alcohol from other countries as well as other illegal things.

AL CAPONE

A famous Italian bootlegger; he made a mafia in America for gambling, prostitution and alcohol. He made more money than anyone else doing this and he would kill anyone else that he saw as comp.

HOW FORD CHANGED THE AUTOMOBILE BUSINESS

he made it much more affordable and accessible to the average citizen.

CHANGES FORD MADE TO THE WORKPLACE

He added in a 2 day weekend and made the work days shorter.

FLAPPERS

An emancipated or free young women who embraced new fashion and urban attitudes.

GREAT MIGRATION

When almost 500,00 african americans moved north factory jobs in the north.

HARLEM RENAISSANCE

a time in the 1920's where African American's achievements flourished in art, literature and music.

LANGSTON HUGHES

The movement's best known poet known for emphasizing struggles for the working class. He was born in Missouri.

SUFFERAGETTES

women that pushed for the right to vote.

19TH AMENDMENT

gave women the ability to vote.

21ST AMENDMENT

cancels the 18th amendment, and says that alcohol is now legal.

CAUSES OF GREAT DEPRESSION

Buying on credit, speculation of stock, and bank failures over "run ons"