Weight Management (Week 6, Ch.6)

Overweight

A weight greater than expected for a specific height, usually determined from height-weight charts or calculating BMI.

Obesity

An excessive accumulation of body fat such that the individual is at increased risk for developing health problems.

BMI

Obtained by dividing your weight (in kilograms) by your height (in metres) squared.

Body Image

Minimum for men is 3-4%; for women, it is 8% - amenorrhea.

Optimal Fat Percentage for Men

10% - 20%.

Optimal Fat Percentage for Women

15% - 25%.

Body Mass Index (BMI)

Index of the relationship between height and weight; a BMI of 19-25 indicates healthy weight.

Waist to Hip Ratio

Weight in the abdominal region associated with more risk; waistline greater than 40 inches in men / 35 inches in women is risky.

Hydrostatic Weighing Technique

A method of assessing body fat.

Pinch and Skinfold Measure

A method of assessing body fat.

Girth and Circumference Measure

A method of assessing body fat.

Dual-energy X-ray

A method of assessing body fat.

Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis

A method of assessing body fat.

Total Body Electrical Conductivity

A method of assessing body fat.

Hyperplasia

An increase in the number of cells, occurring during infancy and puberty.

Hypertrophy

An increase in the size of cells.

Heredity

Influences body type and genes, including obesity genes.

Adaptive thermogenesis

Theoretical mechanism by which the brain regulates metabolic activity according to caloric intake.

Brown fat cells

Specialized type of fat cell that affects the ability to regulate fat metabolism.

Setpoint theory

Theory suggesting fat storage is determined by a thermostatic mechanism in the body that acts to maintain a specific amount of body fat.

Endocrine Influence

Influence of the thyroid gland on weight management.

Psychosocial Factors

Food as a reward.

Metabolic Changes

Changes in metabolism due to age and gender.

Lifestyle

Includes activity, calorie intake, and smoking.

Ketosis

Condition in which the body adapts to prolonged fasting or carbohydrate deprivation by converting body fat to ketones for fuel.

Hunger

An inborn physiological response to nutritional needs.

Appetite

A learned response tied to an emotional or psychological craving for food often unrelated to nutritional need.

Satiety

The feeling of fullness or satisfaction after eating.

Resting Metabolic Rate (RMR)

The energy expenditure of the body while at rest, including basal metabolic rate plus energy required by sedentary activities.

Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR)

The energy expenditure of the body under resting conditions at normal room temperature.

Exercise Metabolic Rate (EMR)

The energy expenditure of physical activity.

Eating Disorder

A term used to describe a collection of psychiatric diseases involving severe disturbances in eating behaviours and unhealthy efforts to control body fat and weight.

Anorexia Nervosa

Eating disorder characterized by excessive preoccupation with food, self-starvation, and/or extreme exercising to achieve weight loss.

Bulimia Nervosa

Eating disorder characterized by cycles of binge eating and purging.

Binge eating disorder (BED)

Eating disorder characterized by recurrent binge eating without any purging behaviours.

Ways to treat Eating Disorders

Goal is to stabilize the patient's life, involving long-term therapy and a multidimensional approach.