Exam 2 pathology

Erwing Sarcoma

malignant bone tumor

osteogenic sarcoma

malignant tumor arising from bone

Exostosis

bony growth on surface of bone

Talipes

congenital abnormality of Hindfoot involving the talus (clubfoot)

Arthrochondritis

inflammation of an articular cartilage

dislocation

displacement of a bone from a joint

Ankylosing Spondylitis

chronic progressive stiffening of joints; mostly spine

Osteoarthritis

arthritis involving erosion and inflammation of articular cartilage

Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)

disease causing progressive destructive changes and inflammation in multiple joints

Ganglion

fluid filled cyst arising from the joint capsule or a tendon in the wrist

Lyme disease

recurrent arthritis, myalgia, malaise and neurologic and cardiac symptoms; bulls eye rash

SLE

chronic inflammatory disease involving joints, skin, kidneys, NS, heart, and lungs affecting collagen in tendons, ligaments, bones, and cartilage all over the body

Fascia

fibrous membrane separating and enveloping muscles

Fibromyalgia

condition of chronic aching and stiffness of muscles and soft tissues of unknown cause

Muscular Dystrophy

hereditary condition causing degeneration of skeletal muscles

Myasthenia Gravis

condition of neuromuscular disorder causing weakness and fatigue of voluntary muscles

Polymyositis

chronic inflammatory myopathy; may be autoimmune

Hemolytic Anemia

reduction of RBC due to excessive destruction

Aplastic Anemia

failure of blood cell production in bone marrow — lack of cell formation in bone marrow cells

Pernicious Anemia

enlargement + inability to absorb b12

Thalassemia

defect in ability to produce Hgb

Hemochromatosis

Excessive absorption and storage of dietary iron and body tissues causing dysfunction

Mononucleosis

an infectious disease marked by increased amount of mononuclear leukocytes and enlarged cervical lymph nodes

Hemophilia

excessive bleeding caused by hereditary lack of factors VIII and IX necessary for blood clotting

Autoimmune thrombocytopenia purpura/ idopathic

autoimmune condition which the body makes an antibody that causes macrophage destruction of one’s platelets resulting in bruising and bleeding from mucous membranes

Multiple Myeloma

malignant neoplasm of bone marrow

Lymphadenitis

inflammation of the lymph nodes

Lymphadenopathy

disease of the lymph nodes; usually causes enlargement of the nodes

Lymphagitis

inflammation of lymph vessel

Thymoma associations

myasthenia gravis, erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis

Interfeuron

protein secreted by t cells and other cells to aid and regulate immune response

interleukins

proteins which stimulate the growth of B and T lymphocytes

Cytotoxic T cells (CD*)

attach to and directly kill antigens — secrete cytokines to aid in t cell antigen destruction

helper t cells (CD4)

promote antibody synthesis by B cells and stimulate other T cells

Suppressor T cells (regulatory)

inhibit b and t cells and prevent them from attacking the body’s own good cells

Proliferative

growing and increasing in number of similar cells

Cryptosporidiosis

GI, brain, spinal cord; farm/parasitic infections

Toxoplasmosis

fever, chills, visual, confusion, seizures; undercooked lamb or pork

Candidiasis

normal body flora causing thrust of mouth, resp tract, and skin

cryptococcus

commonly from avian waste causing lung, brain, and blood infections

PCP

commonly from air, water, soil carried by animals — lung infections

ELISA

detects anti HIV antibodies; western blot as follow up

Viral load

measures amount of HIV in blood stream

CD4+ cell count

measures the number fo CD4+ t cells (helper t cells)

immunoelectrophoresis

separates immunoglobulinis

Huntington’s Disease

genetic, progressive deterioration of nerve cells; 30-40 years old

Cerebral Anuerysm

widening of a blood vessel in the brain; weakness in the wall of an artery

Transient Ishemic Attach

sudden temporary cerebral dysfunction usually caused by interruption of blood flow to the brain

Retinitis Pigementosa

hereditary progressive deterioration of the retina causing nyctalopia and impaired vision

Glaucoma

intra-pressure damaging retina and optic nerve

stabismus

abnormal deviation of the eye

chalazion

small hard cystic mass on eyelids; sebaceous gland

Otitis Externa

swimmer’s ear

Tympanic Membrane Perforation

a hole or rupture of the eardrum

Conductive hearing loss

middle or outer ear

otitis media

inflammation of middle ear

cholesteatoma

cystlike tumor of skin in the middle ear behind the tympanic membrane usually caused by chronic otitis media

ostosclerosis

hardeing of ossciles; stapes

Sensorineural hearing loss

damage to inner ear or auditory nerve

acoustic neuroma

begnign tumor that develops on vestibulocochlear and causes hearing loss, tinnitus, vertigo and dizzyness

Meniere Disease

condition with labyrinth

Meniere Disease

with elevated pressure within cochlea + semi canals; tinnitus, sensitivity to sound, hearing loss, nausea