Chapter 8 Inheritance | Biology for VCE Units 1&2

true-breeding

individuals that when crossed together produce offspring with the same genotype and phenotype as the parents for a particular trait

hybrid

an individual that was produced by phenotypically different parents

monohybrid test cross

a cross between an individual with the dominant phenotype and an individual with the recessive phenotype to determine the genotype of the dominant individual

dihybrid cross

a cross between two individuals to observe the inheritance of two different traits

law of independent assortment

a law that states that alleles of different genes separate independently from one another during meiosis

unlinked genes

genes on different chromosomes that assort independently from one another

linked genes

genes on the same chromosome that are likely to be inherited together

law of segregation

the law that states during gametes formation (meiosis), each gamete randomly receives one allele of each gene

autosomal dominant

a pattern of inheritance where affected individuals have at least one allele (located on an autosome) for the trait

autosomal recessive

a pattern of inheritance where two copies of the same allele (located on homologous autosomes) must be present for the trait to show in the phenotype

sex-linked

refers to genes that are found on the X or Y chromosome

Y-linked

a pattern of inheritance where the gene for the trait is located on the Y chromosome

X-linked recessive

a patten of inheritance where the gene for a recessive trait is located on the X chromosome

X-linked dominant

a pattern of inheritance where the gene for a dominant trait is located on the X chromosome

pedigree

a diagram that shows the inheritance of a trait in a family for at least two generations

Punnett square

a table that predicts the genotypes of a particular cross

monohybrid cross

a cross between two individuals differing in one trait