Papillomaviridae and Polyomaviridae Flashcards

Flashcards summarizing key facts about Papillomaviridae and Polyomaviridae.

Papillomaviridae and Polyomaviridae

Taxonomically and biologically distinct families that share similarities in genome organization, virion structure, mechanisms of replication, cell cycle regulation, and tumor induction.

Papillomas

Warts, caused by papillomaviruses, have been recognized for centuries, with equine warts described as early as the 9th century in Baghdad.

Peyton Rous (1935)

Observed that benign rabbit papillomas progressed to carcinomas

Polyomaviruses

Ubiquitous viruses with high host-species specificity, which generally do not cause significant disease.

Polyomavirus Infections

Rare neurological (progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy) and renal (polyomavirus nephropathy) diseases in immunocompromised hosts; may be associated with various types of neoplasia.

Papillomaviridae Classification

Viruses with circular double-stranded DNA genomes, divided into 16 genera based on host range, DNA sequence, and disease caused.

Bovine papillomaviruses 1-10 diseases

Cutaneous fibropapilloma and papilloma, teat papilloma, and intestinal papilloma

Feline papillomavirus(es) disease

Cutaneous fibropapilloma (feline sarcoid), plaques and papillomas, squamous cell carcinoma

Bovine Papillomaviruses

Cause carcinomas in gastrointestinal and urinary tracts of cattle when combined with quercetin found in bracken fern.

Bovine papillomavirus transmission

Transmit between animals by fomites. Sexual transmission of venereal warts in cattle is likely, as such lesions are rare in animals that are artificially inseminated

Bovine papillomavirus types 1, 2, and 5

Located in both mesenchymal and epithelial cells, cause “teat frond” warts, common cutaneous warts and “rice grain” fibropapillomas.

syndrome of “enzootic hematuria”

characterized by hematuria and/or urinary bladder cancer

Papilloma development: STAGE 1

Slightly raised plaques, starting at about 4 weeks after exposure, with fibroplasia of the underlying dermis and early epithelial proliferation in association with nascent fibroma

Papilloma development: STAGE 2

Characterized by virus-induced cytopathology, virus replication, and crystalline aggregates of virions in the keratinizing epithelium of lesions, starting at about 8 weeks.

Papilloma development: STAGE 3

Fibrotic, pedunculated bases and rough, lobate, or fungiform surfaces, starting after about 12 weeks.

Vaccination against viral infection

Homogenized, autologous wart tissue, treated with formalin. Viral capsid proteins produced by recombinant DNA technology

Equine Papillomavirus

cause aural plaques and cutaneous papillomas

Equine Sarcoid relation to bovine papillomavirus

Confirmed that distinct variants of bovine papillomavirus types 1 or 2 are present in equine sarcoid, along with their E5 transforming protein

Several genetically distinct canine papillomaviruses

Canine oral papillomavirus, canine papillomavirus 2, canine papillomaviruses 3 and 4

Feline Papillomavirus

Identified in characteristic proliferative cutaneous lesions in both domestic cats and various wild felids. some of these viral sequences have been designated as Felis domesticus papillomavirus type 1 (genus Lambdapapillomavirus)

Papillomaviruses of Other Mammalian Species

Shope papilloma virus (SPV), also known as cottontail rabbit papilloma virus (CRPV) or Kappapapillomavirus 2, causing keratinous carcinomas resembling horns

Fringilla (finch) papillomavirus

Causes papillomas in wild common chaffinch (Fringilla coelebs), brambling (Fringilla montifringilla) and Eurasian bullfinch (Pyrrhula pyrrhula)

Budgerigar Fledgling Disease Polyomavirus

Acute generalized disease in fledgling budgerigars. responsible for “French molt,”

Bovine Polyomavirus

Is frequently present in bovine sera, especially fetal and neonatal calf sera

Virion properties of virus

Virions comprised of non-enveloped, spherical outline with icosahedral symmetry. Dimensions are either 55 nm (Papillomaviridae) or 45 nm (Polyomaviridae)

Genome properties

Circular double-stranded DNA, 6.8-8.4 kbp (Papillomaviridae) or 5 kbp (Polyomaviridae) in size. The DNA has covalently closed ends, is circular and supercoiled, and is infectious