Dental by Riley A

1. Uses of dental images include detection of

Abnormalities in surrounding hard & soft tissue

2. Exposure to radiation..

No matter how big or small, has the potential to cause harmful biological changes

3. The x-ray was discovered in 1895 by?

Wilhelm Conrad Roetgen

4. The dentist who is credited making the first dental radiograph in 1895 is?

Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen

5. What is the basic form of matter

An atom

6. The structure of an atom?

The orbital path of an electron around the nucleus is called an electron shell

7. In dentistry the ______ the wavelengths of the x-rays the greater their energy and their usefulness

Shorter

The component of the x-ray machine that functions in positioning the tube head is

The extension arm

The heart of the x-ray generating system is the

X-ray tube

What is secondary radiation

Refers to x-radiation that is created when primary beam interacts with matter

Example of radiopaque

Metal restorations

The term_____ is used to describe areas that appear dark in the image; _____ is the term Used to describe areas that appear white or light gray

Radiolucent; radiopaque

The range of shades of gray between black and white on an image is called

Contrast

The degree of density or blackness on an image is controlled by what

Milliampre seconds

The sharpness of a radiograph image can be improved by

Smaller crystal size

Damage caused by ionizing x-radiation to genetic cells

Can affect future generations

what has the highest radiation sensitivity

Bone marrow

A lead apron and thyroid collar

Must be used in all patients for all exposures

Which dental imaging procedures would be recommended to a pregnant patient

Radiographic imaging procedures do not need to be altered because of pregnancy

Never stand closer than ____ feet from the x-ray unit during exposure time

6

The term image receptor refers to

Either a digital imaging sensor or to film

Electromagnetic radiation contains radioactive substances such as uranium

False

What is a name for the primary kind of radiation produced in the dental x-ray tube head

Breaking radiation

The portion of the x-ray machine that supplies the electrons to produce x-rays is the..

Cathode

What is affected if you change the exposure time

The penetrating power of the X-ray beam is controlled by the settings on the

Kilovoltage setting

A step-down transformer is necessary within the x-ray circuitry to…

Boil off electrons from the filament

Purpose of the insulating oil that fills the x ray machine housing and surrounds the x-ray tube

Absorbs heat created by the production of x-rays

Thermonuclear emission refers to the..

Releases of electrons from the tungsten filament

The lead collimator is used to

Restrict the size and shape of the primary beam

How much filtration is federally required for a dental x-ray machine operating over 70 kVp

2.50 mm

The function of the _____ filter in the x-ray tube is to ______

Aluminum; remove long wavelengths from the beam

Primary radiation is

Created when the x-rays contact the patients tissues

The fuzzy or blurred area around an image is called ______. It can be reduced by ___________.

A penumbra

The council that determines the radiation effects and levels tolerable for humans is the…

National Council on radiation protection and measurements (NCRP

Because the entire x-ray area is considered a radiation hazard area, a radiation hazard sign must be posted in..

Sight of all patients and personnel

The time lapse from x-ray exposure until noticeable damage occurs is known as

The latent period

chronic radiation exposure occurs when ____ doses of radiation are received over a _____ time period

Small; long

Is A. Quantity B. Quality C. Collimation D. Density used to describe the energy or penetrating ability of the x-ray beam

B. Quality

All of the following organs are more sensitive to radiation and are considered critical organs except… A. Skin B. Muscles C. Thyroid gland D. Lens of the eye

B. Muscles

The maximum permissible dose for an occupational worker for an individual 18 years of age or older is ____ rem/year

5

Should film badges be work when any form of x-ray is being taken?

No

Who should hold the film in a patients mouth if the patient is unable to do so?

Parent or relative of the patient

A patient is concerned with radiation exposure. You can assure him that your office uses the ALARA concept which includes…

Keeping exposures levels as low as possible

One of the earliest signs of overexposure to x-rays may be

Erythema

If the operators film badges indicates an exposure to small amounts of radiation what should be done

Evaluate the x-ray equipment and techniques

If a patient is small and petite, to get the same density radiograph, it is best to reduce the..

Exposure time and mA

An example of cumulative radiation exposure is

Cancer

The dentist says that the image has too much contrast; she would like to see more gray values. What adjustment would you make?

Increase kVp

When in storage, a lead apron should be

Draped over a bar

A good technique for reducing the radiation exposure to both patient and operator is the use of..

Fast film or digital imaging

A radiographer that has an overall gray appearance is generally preferred. This radiograph is said to have…

Low contrast

How well the image reproduces fine detail or distinct outlines of an object is called

Sharpness

The location where x-rays are produced in the x-ray tube is the

Focal spot

When the electrons strike the target, ________ are generated

99% heat and 1% x-rays

What happens when the exposure button on a dental x-ray machine is pressed

Electrons slam against the target of the anode producing the x-ray

An exposure time of ¼ second is equal to ____ impulses

15

When the master switch is on

A. X rays are being produced

B. The red emission light will illuminate

C. The electron cloud is created around the tungsten filament

D. Photons travel from the cathode to the anode in the tube head

C. The electron cloud is created around the tungsten filament

Dental film holders, used to position and hold the dental x-ray films in the patients mouth include..

A. Rinn XCP-DS instruments

B. Rinn XCP instruments

C. Film cassette

D. Position indicator device

B. Rinn XCP instruments

F speed dental X-ray film reduces radiation exposure to the patient __% compared with D- speed dental x ray film

60%

The most commonly used film size for adult intraoral dentistry size is

#2

Which is an extra oral film that is placed outside the mouth?

A. Periodical

B. Bite-wing

C. Cephalometric

D. Occlusal

C. Cephalometric

A plastic or metal cassette holds and protects to an extra oral film, the side of the cassette must face the patient is the ____ side

Front

______ hardens the film emulsion during film processing

Fixing

Automatic film processing requires ____ than manual film processing does

Less equipment

Which time and temp errors will result in reticulation of the film emulsion

A. Inadequate developing time

B. Developer solution too hot

C. Sudden temp change between developer and water bath

D. Inaccurate timer on thermometer

C. Sudden temp change between developer and water bath

Fixer cutoff will result in a _____ border

Straight black

The charge coupled device (ccd) in direct digital imaging sensors is made of…

Silicon

The category of digital imaging similar to faces and video equipment that uses an intraoral sensor with a cord attached to the computer is

Direct digital imaging

All are true about storage plates used with phosphor storage plate (psp) imaging except ….

A. They are made of phosphor

B. The latent image will stay on the plate for hours

C. They should not be exposed to light before scanning

D. They utilize radio frequency transmission to transmit the image to the computer via radio waves

D. They utilize radio frequency transmission to transmit the image to the computer via radio waves

All are true about phosphor storage plates imaging system imaging except…

A. Need to be protected in the patients mouth with barriers

B. Should be autoclaved

C. Require care not to scratch when handling

D. Are positioned in the mouth like dental film

B should be autoclaved

Positioning instruments in digital radiography

A. Assist in film placement and keep the patients fingers from being exposed

B. Are used with round but not rectangular PID

C. Are exactly the same x-ray film holders used in conventional techniques

D. Include the Rinn XCP system

A. Assist in film placement and keep the patients fingers from being exposed

Faster film speed would be associated with ____ silver halide crystals, a ____\\\ emulsion and presence of special radio sensitive dyes

Larger; thicker

The purpose of lead foil in the dental film packet is to..

When placing a dental film in the patients mouth, the white side is placed ____ the dental x-ray tube head and the raised dot to the ___ surface

Toward; occlusal or Incisal

Which of the following statements about duplicating film is incorrect

A. The emulsion is only on one side

B. The emulsion side of the film appears shiny

C. Duplicating film is not intended to be used intra orally

D. Duplicating film is exposed by visible white lite

B. The emulsion side of the film appears shiny

The safest place to store unopened boxes of dental film is in the

A. Darkroom

B. Furnace room

C. Refrigerator

D. Treatment room

The correct order of steps in manual film processing is

A. Fix, rinse, develop, wash

B. Develop, rinse, fix, wash

C. Fix, wash, rinse, wash

D. Rinse, develop, fix, wash

B. Develop, rinse, fix, wash

Solutions should have been changed in the processor 1 week ago. Continuing to use exhausted developer will result in ____ films

A. Dark

B. Light

C. White

D. Clear

B. Light

The recommended distance between the safelight and where the films are unwrapped is at least ___

A. 2 feet

B. 4 feet

C. 6 feet

D. As close as possible

4 feet

The life of the automatic processer solutions is reduced rather than extended when

A. Fewer films are being processed

B. More time has elapsed since the last complete change of processing solutions

C. The professor has an automatic replenisher

D. Manual replenishing has been accomplished on a daily basis

B. More time has elapsed since the last complete change of processing solutions

When a film passes through fixed solutions before developing, the film will appear

A. White or light (clear)

B. Completely black

C. Gray

D. Yellowish brown

A. White or clear

One reason for a lighter than normal radiograph is

A. Developer solution is too weak

B. Developer solution is too warm

C. Fixer solution is too weak

D. Film was not properly rinsed

A. Developer solution is too weak

When developer solution is an automatic processor is warmer than 83F, the processed film will appear___

A. Dark or black

B. Gray

C. Clear

D. Light

A. Dark or black

The ideal time and temp for manual developing is

A. 45 seconds at 85F

B. 5 mins at 65F

C. 5 mins at 68F

D. 5 mins at 60F

C. 5 mins at 68F

White or light(clear) spots on a processed film can be caused by

A. Static electricity

B. solutions are too warm

C. Fixer solution contacts film prior to processing

D. Drops of developer solution on a fixed film

C. Fixer solution contacts film prior to processing

When loading an extra oral film into the cassette prior to exposure, the…

A. Film comes preloaded in the cassette

B. Procedure must be done in dark room

C. Film may be placed in the holder outside the darkroom

D. Film does not need any intensifying screen

B. Procedure must be done in dark room

The film emulsion interacts with x-rays, the result Is…

A. A visible distortion

B. A distorted light source

C. A latent image

D. A negative of the image

C. A latent image

Green-sensitive extraoral film is used with cassettes that have which type of intensifying screen?

1. Rare earth

2. Calcium tungstate

3. Charge-coupled device (CCD)

4. Phosphor storage plate (PSP)

1. Rare earth

Digital radiography requires less radiation than traditional radiography because the…

1. Exposure time is increased

2. Sensor is smaller

3. Sensor is more sensitive to x-ray energy

4. Sensor is attached to the computer

3. Sensor is more sensitive to x-ray energy

Each of the following is true about digitalizing film based radigraphic images except..

1. Process is similar to the other film duplication

2. Desktop scanners capture the light signal

3. It duplicates with slightly less detail than the origional Film

4. Digitized film based images cannot be enhanced by computer software

4. Digitized film-based images cannot be enhanced by computer software

Which of the following statements is true regarding federal and state regulations on the use of dental x-ray equipment

1. All dental x-ray machines manufactured or sold in the US Fted 1934 must meet federal regulations

2. The use of dental x-ray equipment is regulated by federal but not state regulations

3. The federal government requires x-ray machines to be registered and charges a fee for this registration

4. Most states have laws that require inspections of dental x-ray equipment on a regular basis

4. Most states have last that require inspections of dental x-ray equipment on a regular basis

The consumer patient radiation and safety act is a federal law that requires all____

1. Persons who use x-rays to take dental images to be properly trained and certified

2. Persons who take dental x-rays to be registered with a national practitioner databank

3. Dental x-ray machines to be registered

4. Persons who expose dental x-rays to wear radiation safety badges

1. Persons who use x-rays to take dental images to be properly trained and certified

Failure to obtain informed consent from a patient prior to exposure of dental radiographed can lead to charges of_____

1. Informed consent

2. Disclosure

3. Respondent superior

4. Negligence

4. Negligence

Dental images are the property of the

1. Dentist

2. Patient

3. Patients insurance company

4. State board

1. Dentist

What should the dental assistant do if a patient refuses dental imaging?

1. Document in the patients record the fact that he or she refused recommended dental imaging

2. Tell the patient that the dentist doesn’t mind working without dental images

3. Attempt the take the dental images anyway

4. Ask the patient to sign a waiver releasing the dentist from any liability for treating the patient without taking dental radiographs

1. Document in the patients record the fact that he or she refused recommended dental imaging

Quality assurance in the dental office is a way of ensuring that everything possible is being done to produce high-quality diagnostic images and includes quality control

1. Test and administration procedures

2. Of dental staff credentials

3. During shipping from the manufacturer to the supplier

4. Of the manufacturing process

1. Test and administration procedures

According to the test for x-ray film freshness, the film is fresh and has been properly stored and handled when the processed film appears clean with a slight ____ tint

1. Orange

2. Green

3. Blue

4. Red

3. Blue