Chapter 13: Diffusion and Osmosis

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19 Terms

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Permeable

substances can freely pass through the membrane

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Selectively Permeable

allows some but not all substances to pass through

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Impermeable

substances cannot freely pass in or out of the membrance

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Diffusion

the movement of a substance from a high concentration to an area of low concentration

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Passive Process

does not require energy

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Biological Membranes

are selectively permeable, allows water, carbon dioxide, oxygen, doesn’t allow sugars, proteins, salts

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Factors Affecting Diffusion

concentration of substances, temperature, size of molecules, surface area

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Examples of Diffusion in Animals

gaseous exchange in the lungs, absorption of digested food from intestine into blood

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Example of Diffusion in Plants

plant hormones are produced at the tips of the roots and shoots and move through the plant via diffusion, gaseous exchange in the leaf

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Osmosis

the movement of water molecules across a selectively permeable membrane from a region of high water concentration to a region of low water concentration

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Solvent

liquid that dissolves other substances

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Solute

the substance that has been dissolved

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Solution

mixture of solvent and solute

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Cells in High Water Concentration

animal cells burst due to osmosis allowing too much water into the cell, plant cells become rigid

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Haemolysis

blood cells bursting due to high water concentration

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Cells in a Low Water Concentration

cells shrivel due to water loss

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Crenation

red blood cells shrivelling due to low water concentrations

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Plasmolysis

plant cells shrinking due to low water concentration

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Preservation

osmosis is useful in food preservation as it removes water from organisms when they land on food as the food is covered in salt or sugar to reduce its water concentration