Fluid and Electrolytes

Fluids: Which type to give

Oral: good for mild dehydration. IV: replaces losses, maintenance due to poor intake or NPO status, two types: crystalloid and colloid

Crystalloid vs Colloid: size of particles, speed of distribution, and uses

Crystalloid solutions contain smaller molecules, like electrolytes and sugars, which distribute quickly in the body, primarily used for maintenance. Colloid solutions consist of larger molecules, such as proteins, and are used for expanding intravascular volume more slowly.

Types of Crystalloids

Include isotonic, hypotonic, and hypertonic solutions.

Hypotonic Contraindications

head injury, cerebral edema, intracranial pressure and conditions that could worsen hypovolemia.

Cautions for correcting fluid imbalances

Correct hypotonic imbalances SLOWLY to prevent cerebral edema. Correct hypertonic imbalance to prevent osmotic demyelination syndrome.

Isotonic fluid types

0.9% NaCL “Normal saline”, Lactated Ringers, Dextrose 5% and Water (D5W)