[PCOL] Part 2.1 - Autonomic Drugs - Anatomy and Physiology of the ANS

e. b and c

Autonomic nervous system:

a) Subdivision of peripheral EFFERENT nervous system

b) Control involuntary activity

c) Composed of neurons outside of the CNS

Autonomic nervous system:

a. Subdivision of peripheral afferent nervous system

b. Control involuntary activity

c. Composed of neurons outside of the CNS

d. a and b

e. b and c

f. All

c. Both true

Types of neurons in the peripheral nervous system:

a. Afferent or sensory neurons carry stimulus from sensory organs to brain.

b. Efferent or motor neurons carry response from brain to effector organ.

c. Both true

d. Both false

c. I, II, III, IV

Autonomic nervous system

I) 2-neuron system

II) Composed of pre-ganglion (1st neuron), and post- ganglion (2nd neuron)

III) Contains ganglion which is exclusive to ANS

IV) Found in smooth muscles, cardiac muscles, and exocrine glands

Autonomic nervous system

I. 2-neuron system

II. Composed of pre-ganglion (1st neuron), and post- ganglion (2nd neuron)

III. Contains ganglion which is exclusive to ANS

IV. Found in smooth muscles, cardiac muscles, and exocrine glands

a. I, III

b. II, IV

c. I, II, III, IV

d. II, III, IV

e. I, II, III

a. Pre-ganglion

Ganglion of ANS near the brain.

a. Pre-ganglion

b. Post-ganglion

b. Post-ganglion

Ganglion of ANS near the effector organ.

a. Pre-ganglion

b. Post-ganglion

b. False - Ganglion is exclusive to ANS

Ganglion is exclusive to CNS.

a. True

b. False

f. All

Site where ANS can be found:

a. Smooth muscles

b. Cardiac muscles

c. Exocrine glands

d. a and b

e. b and c

f. All

a. Synapse

Spaces between two neurons.

a. Synapse

b. Cleft

c. Mid-neuron

d. All

f. I, II, IV

Pre Synapse:

I) Sending cell

II) Site for the synthesis, storage, and release of neurotransmitter

III) CONTAIN enzyme for metabolism of neurotransmitters.

IV. Contain autoreceptors which are inhibitory receptors

Pre synapse:

I. Sending cell

II. Site for the synthesis, storage and release of neurotransmitter

III. Do not contain enzyme

IV. Contain autoreceptors which are inhibitory receptors

a. I, III

b. II, IV

c. I, II, III, IV

d. II, III, IV

e. I, II, III

f. I, II, IV

e. None

Occur in pre-synapse except:

a. Synthesis of NT

b. Storage of NT

c. Release of NT

d. Metabolism of NT

e. None

f. All

c. Both true

Pre-synapse:

a. Storage of enzyme in pre-synapse is through vesicle.

b. Release of enzyme from pre-synapse is through exocytosis.

c. Both true

d. Both false

a. True

Synaptic cleft contains enzyme for metabolism of neurotransmitters.

a. True

b. False

d. a and b

Post synapse:

a) Receiving cell

b) Contains enzyme for metabolism of NT

c) Majority of enzyme are for STIMULATORY response

Post synapse:

a. Receiving cell

b. Contains enzyme for metabolism of NT

c. Majority of enzyme are for inhibitor response

d. a and b

e. b and c

f. All

a. True

Synaptic transmission describe the mechanism of impulse across the synapse.

a. True

b. False

c. 45632178

• Action potential arrives at axon terminal.

• Voltage-gated Ca2+ channels open.

• Ca2+ enters the presynaptic neuron.

• Ca2+ signals to neurotransmitter vesicle

• Vesicles move to membrane and dock

• Neurotransmitter is released via exocytosis

• Neurotransmitter bind to receptors.

• Signal is initiated in postsynaptic cell.

Synaptic transmission process:

1- Neurotransmitter is released via exocytosis

2- Vesicles move to membrane and dock

3- Ca2+ signals to neurotransmitter vesicle

4- Action potential arrives at axon terminal.

5- Voltage-gated Ca2+ channels open.

6- Ca2+ enters the presynaptic neuron.

7- Neurotransmitter bind to receptors.

8- Signal is initiated in postsynaptic cell.

a. 45631278

b. 45631287

c. 45632178

d. 45632187

c. I, II, IV, V

Sympathetic Autonomic Nervous System:

I) Thoracolumbar Nervous System

II) Thoraco: T1-T12 and Lumbar:L1-L2

III) SHORTER pre-ganglion, LONGER post-ganglion

IV) Ganglion is near the CNS

V) Contains ACh betwen pre- and post-ganglion.

VI) Contains NE betwen post-ganglion and effector organ

Sympathetic Autonomic Nervous System:

I. Thoracolumbar Nervous System

II. Thoraco: T1-T12 and Lumbar:L1-L2

III. Longer pre-ganglion, shorter post-ganglion

IV. Ganglion is near the CNS

V. Contains ACh betwen pre- and post-ganglion.

VI. Contains ACh betwen post-ganglion and effector organ

a. I, III

b. II, IV

c. I, II, IV, V

d. II, III, IV, VI

e. I, II, III, IV, V, VI

f. I, II, IV

b. Parasympathetic nervous system

3: oculomotor

7: facial

9: glossopharyngeal

10: vagus

Craniosacral nervous system

CN: 3,7,9,10 and Sacral: S2-S4

a. Sympathetic nervous system

b. Parasympathetic nervous system

b. Parasympathetic nervous system

Longer pre-ganglion, shorter post-ganglion

a. Sympathetic nervous system

b. Parasympathetic nervous system

b. Parasympathetic nervous system

Ganglion is near the effector organ.

a. Sympathetic nervous system

b. Parasympathetic nervous system

b. Parasympathetic nervous system

Contains ACh betwen pre- and post-ganglion and also betwen post-ganglion and effector organ.

a. Sympathetic nervous system

b. Parasympathetic nervous system

a. Nicotinic Neural (NN)

Receptor at the ganglion of sympathetic neurons.

a. Nicotinic Neural (NN)

b. a1

c. b1, b2

d. Muscarinic

e. b and c

f. a and c

a. Nicotinic Neural (NN)

Receptor at the ganglion of parasympathetic neurons.

a. Nicotinic Neural (NN)

b. a

c. b1, b2

d. Muscarinic

e. b and c

f. a and d

e. b and c

Receptor at the effector of sympathetic neurons.

a. Nicotinic Neural

b. a

c. b1, b2

d. Muscarinic

e. b and c

f. a and d

f. a and d

Receptor at the effector of parasympathetic neurons.

a. Nicotinic Neural

b. a

c. b1, b2

d. Muscarinic

e. b and c

f. a and d

f. All

Sympathetic NS

a. Adrenergic NS

b. Dominates during stress

c. Fight and flight

d. a and b

e. b and c

f. All

f. All

Parasympathetic NS

a. Cholinergic NS

b. Dominates basal

c. Rest and digest

d. a and b

e. b and c

f. All

f. I, III, IV, V, VI

Effects of activated sympathetic NS

I) Heart: Tachycardia

II) Eyes: MYDRIASIS

III) Bronchi: Reduced tone, Dilation

IV) GIT: Ileus (loss of peristalsis)

V) Urinary bladder: Urinary retention

VI) Sweat glands: Apocrine, sweating of palms and soles (localized)

Effects of activated sympathetic NS

I. Heart: Tachycardia

II. Eyes: Miosis

III. Bronchi: Reduced tone, Dilation

IV. GIT: Ileus (loss of peristalsis)

V. Urinary bladder: Urinary retention

VI. Sweat glands: Apocrine, sweating of palms and soles

a. I, III

b. II, IV

c. I, II, IV, V

d. II, III, IV, VI

e. I, II, III, IV, V, VI

f. I, III, IV, V, VI

e. I, II, III, IV, V, VI

Effects of activated parasympathetic NS:

I) Heart: Bradycardia

II) Eyes: Miosis

III) Bronchi: Increased tone, constriction

IV) GIT: Bowel movement, diarrhea

V) Urinary bladder: Urination, micturition, enuresis

VI) Sweat glands: Eccrine, generalized sweating for thermoregulation

Effects of activated parasympathetic NS:

I. Heart: Bradycardia

II. Eyes: Miosis

III. Bronchi: Increased tone, constriction

IV. GIT: Bowel movement, diarrhea

V. Urinary bladder: Urination, micturition, enuresis

VI. Sweat glands: Eccrine, generalized sweating for thermoregulation

a. I, III

b. II, IV

c. I, II, IV, V

d. II, III, IV, VI

e. I, II, III, IV, V, VI

f. I, III, IV, V, VI