Reactions to Industrialization: Imperialism, Native Responses, and Migration (1750 - 1900)

These flashcards cover key vocabulary terms related to imperialism, economic motivations, cultural attitudes, and responses to colonial expansion during the period from 1750 to 1900.

Imperialism

The establishment of overseas empires motivated by a belief in nationalism, economic wealth, religious duty, and a sense of European superiority.

Social Darwinism

The application of Charles Darwin’s ideas of 'survival of the fittest' to justify imperialism and the belief in the superiority of European races.

Joint-Stock Companies

Business entities that allowed multiple investors to share in the profits and risks of trade, prominent in early imperialism for establishing trade monopolies.

Berlin Conference

A series of meetings held in 1884-1885, where European powers decided on the partition of Africa without including African representatives.

Spheres of Influence

Regions where a particular country or foreign power holds influence over trade and investment despite a lack of formal political control.

Economic Imperialism

The control of a territory's economy by foreign business interests, often leading to exploitation of local resources and labor.

Cultural Imperialism

The imposition of one culture's values, beliefs, and practices on another, often as part of colonial expansion.

Indentured Servitude

A labor system where individuals work for a specified period in exchange for passage to a new country, often used as a replacement for slavery after its abolition.

Monroe Doctrine

A U.S. policy established in 1823 that warned European nations against further colonization or interference in the Americas.

The Great Game

The political and diplomatic confrontation between Great Britain and Russia for supremacy in Central Asia during the 19th century.

Self-Determination

The principle that a nation or people has the right to determine its own political status and form of government.

Nationalism

A political ideology emphasizing the interests of a particular nation, often leading to a desire for national independence or dominance.

Pan-Africanism

A movement striving for unity and solidarity among African nations and people of African descent worldwide.

Cash Crops

Crops produced primarily for sale rather than for personal use, often leading to monoculture practices and economic vulnerability.

Assimilation

The process by which individuals or groups adopt the cultural traits of another group, often leading to the loss of their original culture.