med term ch9

The abbreviation for benign prostatic hyperplasia is

BPH

STI is the abbreviation for

• Sexually transmitted infection

The vas deferens is also known as the _____ deferens.

ductus

What is another name for a single sperm cell?

spermatozoon

The duct that carries spermatozoa from the epididymis to the ejaculatory duct is known as the ____________.

• vas deferens

One of a pair of comma-shaped, tightly coiled tubes in which sperm cells continue to mature is called the

epididymis

The combining form meaning male is:

• Andr/o

Balan/o means:

• Glans penis

The scrotum is a(n):

• External sac that encloses the testes

The medical term for the foreskin is:

Prepuce

The ___________ glands lie just below the prostate gland and secrete fluid into the urethra.

bulbourethral

___________, or the formation of sperm, takes place in the ___________.

• Spermatogenesis, testes

The __________ carries sperm from the seminiferous tubules to the vas deferens.

epididymis

A(n) _________ is a hairlike projection on a sperm cell that makes it motile.

flagellum

Semin/i means:

Semen

The combining form for the vas deferens is

Vas/o

The gland that secretes an alkaline substance into the urethra that protects sperm from urethral and vaginal acidity and enhances sperm motility is the:

prostate gland

The cells that form the connective and supportive tissue of the testes and secrete testosterone are the:

Interstitial (Leydig) cells

________ twins are produced from a single fertilized ovum.

identical

The ____________ are glands that secrete fluid into the vas deferens.

seminal vesicles

The combining form orchi/o means:

Testis

bulbourethral glands

Pair of exocrine glands near the male urethra. They secrete fluid into the urethra. Also called Cowper glands.

circumcision

Removal of the prepuce (foreskin). It is a common elective procedure performed shortly after birth.

ejaculation

Ejection of sperm and fluid from the male urethra.

ejaculatory duct

Tube through which semen enters the male urethra.

epididymis (plural: epididymides)

One of a pair of long, tightly coiled tubes above each testis. It stores and carries sperm from seminiferous tubules to the vas deferens.

erectile dysfunction

Inability of an adult male to achieve an erection; impotence.

flagellum

Hair-like projection on a sperm cell that makes it motile (able to move).

foreskin

Fold of skin covering the head of the penis; prepuce.

fraternal twins

Two infants resulting from fertilization of two separate ova by two separate sperm cells (Figure 9-5).

glans penis

Sensitive tip of the penis; comparable to the clitoris in the female.

identical twins

Two infants resulting from division of one fertilized egg. Conjoined (“Siamese”) twins are incompletely separated identical twins.

infertility

In a man, any problem that lowers the chances of his female partner getting pregnant.

interstitial cells of the testes

Specialized cells that lie adjacent to the seminiferous tubules in the testes. These cells produce testosterone and are also called Leydig cells.

parenchymal tissue

Essential distinctive cells of an organ. In the testis, the seminiferous tubules that produce sperm are parenchymal.

penis

Male external organ of reproduction.

perineum

External region between the anus and scrotum in the male.

prepuce

Foreskin; fold of skin covering the tip of the penis.

prostate gland

Exocrine gland at the base of the male urinary bladder. The prostate secretes fluid that contributes to semen during ejaculation.

scrotum

External sac that contains the testes.

semen

Spermatozoa (sperm cells) and seminal fluid (prostatic and seminal vesicle secretions), discharged from the urethra during ejaculation.

seminal vesicles

Paired sac-like exocrine glands that secrete fluid (a major component of semen) into the vas deferens.

seminiferous tubules

Narrow, coiled tubules that produce sperm in the testes.

spermatozoon (plural: spermatozoa)

Sperm cell.

sterilization

Procedure that removes a person’s ability to produce or release reproductive cells; removal of testicles, vasectomy, and oophorectomy are sterilization procedures.

stromal tissue

Supportive, connective tissue of an organ, as distinguished from its parenchyma. Also called stroma.

testis (plural : testes)

Male gonad (testicle) that produces spermatozoa and testosterone.

testosterone

Hormone secreted by the interstitial tissue of the testes; responsible for male sex characteristics.

vas deferens

Narrow tube (one on each side) carrying sperm from the epididymis toward the urethra. Also called ductus deferens.

What does semen contain?

Sperm

andr/o

male

balan/o

glans penis

cry/o

cold

crypt/o

hidden

epididym/o

epididymis

gon/o

seed

hydr/o

water, fluid

orch/o, orchi/o, orchid/o

testis, testicle

pen/o

penis

prostat/o

prostate gland

semin/i

semen, seed

sperm/o, spermat/o

spermatozoa, semen

terat/o

monster

test/o

testis, testicle

varic/o

varicose veins

vas/o

vessel, duct; vas deferens

zo/o

animal life

-genesis

formation

-one

hormone

-pexy

fixation, put in place

-stomy

new opening

testicular cancer (carcinoma of the testes)

Malignant tumor of the testicles.

seminoma

Common tumor- arises from embryonic cells in the testes

teratoma

a mixture of mature tissue such as bone, hair, cartilage, and skin cells

tumor markers

human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and alphafetoprotein (AFP are proteins that are used as _____ to determine sucess sof treatment

oligoasthenozoospermia

low numbers and poor motility of sperm

cryptorchidism; cryptorchism

Undescended testicles.

hydrocele

Sac of clear fluid in the scrotum.

testicular torsion

Twisting of the spermatic cord

varicocele

Enlarged, dilated veins near the testicle

benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)

Benign growth of cells within the prostate gland.

transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP)

Surgical treatment that relieves the obstruction, but overgrowth of cells may recur over several years.

prostate cancer (carcinoma of the prostate)

Malignant tumor (adenocarcinoma) of the prostate gland.

Digital rectal examination (DRE)

can detect the tumor at a later stage,

prostate-specific antigen (PSA)

PSA is secreted into the bloodstream by tumor cells. The normal PSA level is 4.0 ng/mL or less.

hypospadias

Congenital abnormality in which the male urethral opening is on the undersurface of the penis, instead of at its tip.

Peyronie disease

Abnormal curvature of the penis

phimosis

Narrowing (stricture) of the opening of the prepuce over the glans penis.

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs)

infections transmitted by sexual or other genital contact.

sexually transmitted diseases (STDs)

Also known as venereal diseases

chlamydia

Bacterial infection (by Chlamydia trachomatis) of the urethra and reproductive tract.

gonorrhea

Inflammation of the genital tract mucosa, caused by infection with gonococci (berry-shaped bacteria).

herpes genitalis

Infection of skin and genital mucosa, caused by the herpes simplex virus (HSV).

human papillomavirus (HPV) infection

Infection of the skin and mucous membranes in the anogenital region by the human papillomavirus.

genital warts

leads to cancer of the cervix as well as cancer in men.

syphilis

Chronic STI caused by a spirochete (spiral-shaped bacterium).

PSA test

Measurement of levels of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in the blood.

semen analysis

Microscopic examination of ejaculated fluid.

castration

Surgical excision of testicles or ovaries.

circumcision

Surgical procedure to remove the prepuce (foreskin) of the penis.