Unit 4 test

What is the primary function of the U.S. Court of Appeals?

The U.S. Court of Appeals primarily serves to review decisions made by lower courts.

Example of a legislative court?

An example of a legislative court is the U.S. Tax Court.

What is the highest court to which a case can ultimately be appealed?

U.S. Supreme Court.

What is the first step in the process of appealing to the U.S. Supreme Court?

file a writ of certiorari.

Which type of courts are established by Article 3 of the Constitution?

Constitutional Courts.

What is a typical reason for the Supreme Court to agree to hear a case?

to resolve significant legal questions or conflicts among lower courts.

What happens if the appellate court finds no error in the lower court's decision?

the appellate court affirms the lower court's decision.

What is the primary purpose of criminal law?

to prohibit and punish wrongful conduct

What type of jurisdiction allows a case to be heard in more than one type of court?

Concurrent jurisdiction

Which court has the authority to review the decisions of lower courts?

appellate court

What distinguishes civil law from criminal law?

Civil law deals with disputes between individuals or organizations, while criminal law involves actions that are offenses against the state.

What is the highest court in the U.S. judicial system?

the U.S. Supreme Court.

Which type of court typically conducts civil or criminal trials before a judge or jury?

Trial courts

What is original jurisdiction in court systems?

the authority of a court to hear a case for the first time.

Which court stands between trial courts and the state's highest court?

intermediate appellate court

What type of jurisdiction allows a court to have sole authority to hear a case?

Exclusive jurisdiction

What establishes the authority of Congress to create Inferior Courts?

Article 1, Section 8

What is the primary role of Constitutional Courts?

to hear cases involving constitutional issues

How can judges in Constitutional Courts be removed from their position?

impeachment

What is the primary purpose of the U.S. Court of Federal Claims?

to hear claims for monetary damages against the U.S. government

What distinguishes the U.S. Court of Appeals for Veterans Claims from other courts?

It specifically reviews decisions made by the Board of Veterans' Appeals.

Which courts are considered Legislative or Special Courts?

Legislative or Special Courts include the U.S. Tax Court and the U.S. Court of Federal Claims.

What is accurate regarding military commissions?

Military commissions are established to try individuals for violations of the law of war.

Who nominates judges for federal courts?

the President

For how long are judges of Constitutional Courts appointed?

for life

What is one of the responsibilities of U.S. Attorneys?

to represent the U.S. government in cases involving them

What distinguishes Judicial Restraint from Judicial Activism?

Judicial Restraint emphasizes limited judicial intervention, while Judicial Activism supports more active roles in interpreting laws.

Which body confirms judges nominated by the President?

The Senate

What term do U.S. Marshals serve?

U.S. Marshals typically serve a term based on their employment until retirement.

What is NOT a responsibility of U.S. Marshals?

U.S. Marshals do not create laws.

What is meant by Judicial Activism?

Judicial Activism refers to judicial rulings that are suspected of being based on personal or political considerations.

What does Congress set for Federal judges?

Congress sets the jurisdiction and authority of Federal judges.

What do judges explain to the jury during a trial?

the relevant laws and legal standards that apply to the case.