Module 4: Non-Western Bioethics & Cultural Competence

Western ethics

emphasizes individual rights and autonomy. It stresses the importance of respecting individual choices,decisionmaking, freedom, and privacy

Non-Western ethics

has a broader consideration of family or community. Well being of community or family equal or more important than an individual

Cultural competence

focuses on acquiring knowledge and skills to interact effectively with patients from diverse backgrounds

cultural humility

reflective practice where health professionals acknowledge their own biases and maintain a willingness to learn from patients’ cultural perspectives.

medical tourism

Refers to patients traveling across national borders to receive medical care, often in countries with different cultural norms and regulatory frameworks

Confucian ethics

emphasize benevolence rooted in filial piety (respect for parents) and family roles.

Dharma

a concept in Hinduism, Buddhism, and Jainism that encompasses the ethical and moral obligations of an individual towards society and the universe

Ubuntu

emphasizes the interconnectedness of human beings - a oneness to humanity — and emphasizes the idea that individuals have a moral duty to support and care for one another

Mātauranga Māori

traditional knowledge system. It is a modern term for the combined knowledge of Polynesian ancestors and the experiences of Māori living in the environment of Aotearoa

Tikanga Māori

behavioural guidelines for living and interacting with others.

Concept of personhood

refers to having a superlative moral worth meriting respect, non-interference and a right not to be killed or destroyed

Havasupai Tribe consent/data

-100 Havasupai tribal members were enrolled in a study to understand genetic risk factors for diabetes.

-Arizona State University (ASU) researches did not identify a genetic link to diabetes but continued their research into medical disorders without seeking additional consent from the tribe.

-Havasupai samples were used to study inbreeding, alcoholism, and the origin and migration of the tribe from Asia.

FAIR Data Principles

specifically designed to enhance scientific research by focusing on technical standards and practices that make data more accessible and useful to researchers.

CARE Data Principles

centered on ensuring the ethical handling of data, particularly emphasizing the rights and participation of Indigenous communities in managing and controlling their own data.