Chapter 14

The DSM lists nine types of substance-related disorders. Which of the following lists all nine types?

Alcohol-related, stimulant-related, cannabis-related, hallucinogen-related, opioid-related, sedative-/hypnotic-/anxiolytic-related, caffeine-related, tobacco-related, and inhalant-related

Which of the following is consistent with the way Bobbie now perceives herself?

I am an addict and I am afraid that I could resume taking drugs if I am not vigilant.

According to the medical model, substance abuse is ______ and that a relapse _______.

a disease; can be best prevented by abstaining from the drug.

When a person is trying to withdraw from heroin, he or she is often given _______, which is a less dangerous opiate.

methadone

According to the interview video, what events seem to have most helped Bobbie turn her life around?

Contracting HIV

When a person is trying to overcome an addiction to alcohol, he or she sometimes takes _______, which, when combined with alcohol, cause the person to feel nauseous.

antabuse

According to the harm-reduction model, substance abuse is ______ and that a relapse ________.

a psychological state; is situational and likely to occur

If a person is experiencing withdrawal when they stop using a substance, they most likely meet criteria for

substance dependence.

What is the primary goal of the medical model of addiction?

Complete abstinence from the substance

Which of the following is the disorder used in the DSM-5 to describe chronic difficulties in resisting the desire to drink alcohol or take drugs?

Substance use disorder

Which condition is not identified as being important in defining individuals' use of substances?

Tolerance

Which of the following are effects of depressants?

They reduce concentration.

They slow the central nervous system.

They impair motor skills.

Cara's primary care physician cautions her that the long-term effects of alcohol misuse include a number of problems. Select all of the problems that her physician might mention.

Heart disease

Cancer

Malnutrition

Dementia

Benzodiazepines and barbiturates are

legally manufactured and sold by prescription.

In the DSM-5, chronic difficulty in resisting urges to take a substance is described as a(n)__________use disorder.

substance

A__________is a category of drug that includes substances that have an activating effect on the nervous system.

stimulants

Which of the following are among the four conditions that have historically been seen as important in defining individuals' use of substances?

Intoxication

Dependence

Abuse

Which of the following is a form of freebase cocaine boiled down into chunks and smoked?

crack

__________are a type of drug that slows the central nervous system.

depressants

Amphetamines and__________are stimulants prescribed for the treatment of attention problems.

methamphetamines

Which of the following are common medical conditions associated with long-term alcohol misuse?

Low-grade hypertension

Malnutrition

Dementia

Which of the following are benzodiazepines?

Xanax

Klonopin

Valium

Which of the following best describes the effect of the category of drugs referred to as stimulants?

An activating effect on the nervous system

Which of the following contains nicotine?

Cigarettes

__________is a white powder extracted from the coca plant.

cocaine

The most heavily used stimulant is _____.

caffeine

Amphetamines are _____.

stimulants

Which of the following are opioids?

Percocet

Hydrocodone

OxyContin

The psychoactive ingredient in cigarettes is__________

nicotine

Which of the following are hallucinogens?

Peyote

Psilocybin mushrooms

LSD

Which of the following are potential sources of caffeine?

Chocolate

Over-the-counter cold remedies

Coffee

Tea

A(n) ______ is a substance that relieves pain.

opioid

The flowers, stems, and leaves of which plant are known as marijuana?

Cannabis

Inhalants tend to act as a ______ on the central nervous system.

depressant

A(n)__________is a drug that causes people perceptual changes in even small doses.

hallucinogen

Which of the following is the primary neurotransmitter of action in MDMA?

Serotonin

Marijuana is a mix of flowers, stems, and leaves from the___________plant.

cannabis

Whether individuals ever use substances and whether their use progresses into a substance use disorder depend on a complex interplay of which of the following vulnerabilities?

Psychological

Biological

Social

__________are a diverse group of substances that cause psychoactive effects by producing chemical vapors.

inhalants

Some drugs, such as amphetamines and cocaine, directly increase the availability of__________in the "pleasure pathway" of the brain.

dopamine

One personality characteristic consistently related to an increased risk of substance use disorders is behavioral__________or the tendency to be impulsive, sensation-seeking, and prone to antisocial behaviors.

undercontrol

Which of the following are negative side effects of ecstasy?

Cardiac problems

Lowered attention and memory

Reduced serotonin levels

Liver failure

True or false: Whether someone's substance use progresses into a disorder depends on a complex interplay of biological, psychological and social vulnerabilities.

true

In Saudi Arabia, any use of alcohol is discouraged due to religious beliefs. In this country, alcohol disorders are rare. This is an example of a _____ factor.

sociocultural

Traditionally, alcohol use has _____.

been more acceptable in men

The "pleasure pathway" begins in which region of the brain?

Ventral tegmental area

True or false: The treatment of substance related disorders is not as challenging as it once was because of increased awareness.

false

The cognitive theories of alcohol use disorders have focused on which of the following?

People's expectation of alcohol's effects

People's beliefs about the appropriateness of using alcohol to cope with stress

Which of the following statements is true about environmental reinforcements and punishments and substance use?

Societies that discourage the use of substances experience low rates of substance use and dependence.

Which of the following is true about risk factors associated with substance use disorders?

Women are less likely than men are to expect drug consumption to have positive outcomes.

The medication naltrexone blocks the effects of__________during drinking, resulting in a diminished craving for alcohol.

endorphins

According to meta-analyses and reviews of existing treatments, the treatment of substance-related disorders may help only ____ percent of people with substance user disorders abstain for up to 1 year.

17 to 35

Which of the following are goals of cognitive-behavior therapy in the treatment of substance use disorders?

Teaching new coping skills

Changing reinforcements for substance use

Motivating a person to stop using

Which of the following medications reduce a person's interest in drinking by blocking receptors or chemical effects?

Disulfiram

Acamprosate

Naltrexone

Approximately, what percentage of older adults can be considered heavy drinkers?

10

Children and adolescents may learn substance use behaviors by the__________of their parents and important others in their culture.

modeling

Which of the following was a large, multi-site clinical trial that compared three interventions in terms of effectiveness?

MATCH

Jim's therapist tells him that it would be best not to go back to his neighborhood bar since he is being treated for alcohol use disorder. The therapist is also focusing on helping Jim learn some new coping skills and challenge some dysfunctional thinking. Which of the following is the best description of Jim's therapy?

Cognitive-behavioral

What percent of alcohol dependents or abusers seek treatment?

25 percent

Which of the following medications is thought to block the effects of endorphins during drinking, which creates a reduction in cravings?

Naltrexone

What type of substance abuses are common in the over age 65 group?

Prescription drug abuse

Alcohol misuse

The MATCH study compared three interventions: cognitive-behavioral, a 12 step program, and motivational interviewing for alcohol use disorders. What were the findings?

All of the interventions were equally effective.

Who of the following is more likely to have a gambling disorder?

Eric, African American male, aged 33

What percent of alcohol dependents or abusers recover on their own without seeking treatment?

25 percent

_________drugs block or change the effects of the addictive drug, reducing the desire for it.

Antagonist

Which of the following is true?

Men are more likely to have a gambling disorder than women.