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Alkanes
CnH2n+2
Alkenes
CnH2n
Alkynes
CnH2n-2
Cycloalkanes
CnH2n
Substitution reaction for alkanes
Alkane + Halogen → Halogenated Alkane + Hydrogen Halide
Combustion reactions
Aklane/Alkene/Alkyne + O2 → CO2 +H2O
For limited oxygen it is CO
Structural Isomerism
Same molecular formula but different structural formula
Hydrogenation Reactions
Alkene + Hydrogen Gas → Alkane. Need a metal catalyst.
Halogenation
Alkene + Halogen → Halogenated Alkane
Hydrohalogenation
Alkene + Hydrogen Halide → Halogenated Alkane
Hydration
Alkene + Water → Alcohol. Needs concentrated sulphuric acid as catalyst.
Aromatic hydrocarbons
Cyclic, planar compounds that resemble benzene in electronic configuration and chemical behavior.
Halogenation
Benzene + Halogen → Halogenated Benzene + Hydrogen Halide. Need catalyst.
Nitration
Benzene + Nitric Acid → Nitrobenzene + Water. Needs sulphuric acid as catalyst.
Alkylation
Benzene + Chloroalkane → Benzene with alkyl group + Hydrogen Chloride. Needs catalyst Aluminium Chloride.