Atomic Mass and Molar Concepts

Flashcards covering key vocabulary terms and definitions related to atomic mass, isotopes, and related concepts from the lecture.

Atomic Mass

The weighted average mass of the isotopes of an element, measured in atomic mass units (amu).

Isotopes

Atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons and thus different masses.

Natural Abundance

The relative proportion of a particular isotope in a naturally occurring sample.

Molar Mass

The mass of one mole of a substance, typically expressed in grams per mole (g/mol).

Avogadro's Number

The number of particles in one mole of a substance, approximately 6.022 x 10^23.

Mole

A quantity in chemistry that represents 6.022 x 10^23 particles, atoms, or molecules of a substance.

Conversion Factor

A ratio used to convert from one measurement unit to another.

Density

The mass per unit volume of a substance, typically expressed in grams per centimeter cubed (g/cm^3).

Volume of a Sphere

Calculated using the formula V = (4/3)πr^3, where r is the radius.

Homogeneous Mixture

A mixture that has a uniform composition throughout.

Heterogeneous Mixture

A mixture that has a non-uniform composition.

Law of Conservation of Mass

Matter cannot be created or destroyed in a chemical reaction; it can only change forms.

Law of Definite Proportions

A chemical compound contains its component elements in fixed ratio by mass, regardless of the source.

Chemical Process

A transformation that results in the formation of new substances.

Physical Process

A transformation that does not change the chemical composition of a substance.

Atomic Number

The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom, which determines the element.

Mass Number

The total number of protons and neutrons in an atom's nucleus.