6 cell respiration

Photosynthesis

Process by which light energy is converted into chemical energy in chloroplasts by forming organic molecules from CO2 and H2O.

Cellular Respiration

Metabolic process in mitochondria that converts organic molecules into ATP, releasing CO2 and H2O.

Photosynthesis

Process by which light energy is converted into chemical energy in chloroplasts by forming organic molecules from CO2 and H2O.

Cellular Respiration

Metabolic process in mitochondria that converts organic molecules into ATP, releasing CO2 and H2O.

Redox Reactions

Chemical reactions in which oxidation and reduction occur simultaneously; involve the transfer of electrons between reactants.

Oxidized

A substance that loses electrons during a chemical reaction, increasing its oxidation state.

Reduced

A substance that gains electrons during a chemical reaction, decreasing its oxidation state.

NAD+

A common electron acceptor used in cellular respiration that is reduced to NADH.

Citric Acid Cycle

A series of enzyme-catalyzed chemical reactions that occur in the mitochondria, crucial for energy production.

Oxidative Phosphorylation

The process of ATP production that occurs in the inner mitochondrial membrane using an electron transport chain and chemiosmosis.

Substrate-level phosphorylation

A method of generating ATP by directly transferring a phosphate group to ADP from a substrate molecule.

Fermentation

A metabolic process that regenerates NAD+ from NADH, allowing glycolysis to continue in the absence of oxygen.

Alcohol Fermentation

A type of fermentation that converts sugars into ethanol and carbon dioxide.

Lactic Acid Fermentation

A type of fermentation that converts sugars into lactic acid.

ATP Synthase

An enzyme that synthesizes ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate during oxidative phosphorylation.

Chemoiosmosis

Process by which ATP is produced in mitochondria by the movement of protons (H+) across a membrane.