APUSH UNITS FOUR - FIVE VOCAB

Thomas Jefferson

Winner of the election of 1800.

Jeffersonian Democracy

Thomas Jefferson’s policies. It’s goals were to expand/support agrarianism, which is the prioritization of agriculture and also wanted to decentralize the government. Actions taken under Jeffersonian Democracy were repealing the Whiskey Tax, cutting government jobs, and cutting down the military. Supported strict interpretation of the constitution.

Louisiana Purchase

This purchase took place when James Monroe was sent to France and it was bought from Napolean Bonaparte, for fifteen million dollars. Lewis and Clark explored the newly bought region. This purchase doubled the size of the United States, and Jefferson was criticized for this decision because it was a loose interpretation of the Constitution.

Marbury v. Madison

A supreme court case that introduced the idea of “judicial review” and happened because of the Midnight Judges scandal caused by John Adams.

Judicial Review

A legal process that allows a court to review and possibly nullify actions taken by a government branch.

Embargo Act of 1807

An act that took place under Jefferson’s second term that banned US trade with Britain and France. It was designed to hurt the two countries but instead hurt the US economy.

War of 1812

A follow-up war between the US and Britain. It started because of “impressment”, which was when Britain took US civilians and forced them to fight for Britain. Young politicians called “war hawks” were in support of this war, and it ended with the Treaty of Ghent.

Henry Clay

Known as the “Great Compromiser”, he wrote important compromises such as the Missouri Compromise and Compromise of 1850. Influential statesman that ran for president multiple times but never won. Created the American System.

James Monroe

Fifth president of the United States and creator of the “Monroe Doctrine”, which was a foreign policy. Also president during the Erac of Good Feelings, which was 1817-1825 as a democratic Republican.

The American System

An economic plan made by Henry Clay that had protective tariffs, a national bank, and internal improvements.

The Missouri Compromise

An agreement that allowed for Missouri to enter the United States as a slave state and created a line that decided if a state would be free or slave when added to the country.

Market Revolution

A period of rapid economic changes that expanded the economy and urbanization in the United States and created a “market economy”.

Steam Engine

An invention during the industrial revolution that revolutionized travel, especially for boats.

Cotton Gin

An invention in the south that made the production of cotton more efficient.

Spinning Jenny

An invention during the industrial Revolution that increased the effect of thread production.

Interchangeable Parts

A invention during the industrial revolution that allowed for repairs to be easier.

Erie Canal

A water-way that connected the Hudson River to Lake Erie. It facilitated and transportation and played a crucial role in the economic development of the United States.

King Cotton

An idea that the South was strong because of their economic reliance on cotton.

Nativism

An anti immigrant sentiment that some Americans had. Associated with the no-knowing party.

Cult of Domesticity

An idea that women should stay home, raise the kids, and care for her husband.

Monroe Doctrine

A foreign policy created by James Monroe which warned European nations from interfering with the Western Hemisphere. Practically putting the Western Hemisphere in US control.

Adams-Onis Treaty

A Treaty between the US and Spain in which Spain gave Florida to the US and defined boundary lines between US and Spanish territories.

Suffrage

The right to vote

Democratic Party

A political party led by Andrew Jackson. Was for the limiting of federal power, free trade, and local rule. Was against corporate monopolies, high tariffs, and the national bank.

Whig Party

A political party led by Henry Clay. Was for a strong central government, national bank, protective tariffs, and internal improvements. Was against immigrants and “King Jackson”.

Trail of Tears

A trail that native Americans took because of the Indian Removal Act.

Indian Removal Act

An act that Andrew Jackson put into place that relocated Native Americans out of Florida. It was a forceful relocation of native Americans.

Nullification Crisis

A crisis that occured when South Carolina nullified the “Tariff of Abominations” created by Andrew Jackson. It prompted a military response from Andrew Jackson and South Carolina backed down with no violence taking place.

Second Great Awakening

A religious revival movement that took place in the United States and it included social reform for the US, such as abolitionism and temperance.

Hudson River School

A school for artists that drew landscapes

Temperance

A social reform movement that took place during the Second Great Awakening, it prioritized the avoidance of alcohol to cure “social wounds”.

Abolitionism

A fight for the end of slavery in the United States because of the Second Great Awakening.

William Lloyd Garrison

A fighter for abolition of slavery.

Frederick Douglas

A former slave that fought for women’s rights and abolitionism.

Seneca Falls Convention

A convention that fought and advocated for women’s rights. Worked with antislavery movements.

Elizabeth Cady Stanton

The most important woman in the women’s rights movement.

Overcultivation

The repeated planting of seeds without allowing nutrients in the soil to recover, which can lead to soil degredation.

Manifest Destiny

The god given right to expand from the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean.

Gadsden Purchase

When the US bought land from Mexico to build a transcontinetal railroad.

California Gold Rush

When gold was discovered in California in 1848 which caused a mass migration to California.

Mexican Cession

A vast territory that Mexico ceded to the United States following the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo. Expanded United States territory.

Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

A treaty that ended the Mexico-America war.

Mexican-American War

A war that took place between Mexico and America because of territorial disputes and Texas annexation.

The Compromise of 1850

A compromise made by Henry Clay that had four components. 1. Popular sovereignty for Utah and Texas, 2. California is added as a free state, 3. Slave trade is banned in DC, 4. a stricter fugitve slave law

Popular Sovereignty

The ability for states to vote if they want to be a slave or free state.

Raid at Harpers Ferry

A raid on an armory led by John Brown, and it was an abolitionist uprising. It made the South think that the North had a plot against them.

Kansas-Nebraska Act

An act that allowed for the states Kansas and Nebraska to vote if they would be a slave or free state.

Dred Scott

A slave that sued for his right of freedom, famously called the Dred Scott case. The supreme court ruled that he was property, and not a person.

Abraham Lincoln

The winner of the election of 1860, and leader of the Union during the civil war.

Union

The North of the United States, was against slavery

Confederacy

The South of the United States, was for slavery.

Sherman’s March to the Sea

The final military action that ended the civil war. General Sherman went on a warpath through the South, burning and destroying Southern towns until he got to the sea.

Anaconda Plan

A military plan that was for the North to wrap around the South and cut off it’s supplies, ultimately defeating them.

Gettysburg Address

A speech that Abraham Lincoln gave after the battle of Gettysburg in which he honored the soldiers that lost their lives.

Emancipation Proclamation

A declaration given by Abraham Lincoln at the end of the civil war that declared all enslaved peoples in confederate states were free.

13th Amendment

Abolished slavery in the United states

14th Amendment

Granted equal citizenship and protection to all born in the United States

15th Amendment

Prohibited the denial of voting because of race/color

Freedmen's Bureau

A federal agency that was created to assist former slaves in housing, food, and occupation.

Black Codes

Laws passed in the South after the Civil War that were created to restrict the freedoms of newly freed slaves.

Jim Crow Laws

Local laws enacted in the South that enforced racial segregation, creating instatutionalized discrimination.

Sharecropping

An economic system that exploited freed African Americans by making them work for a fraction of the profits.

Rutherford B. Hayes

The 19th president of the United States that focused on civil reforms and modernizing the economy of the US.