Climate Change and Tectonic Hazards in Singapore

Flashcards about climate change impacts, adaptation and tectonic hazards in Singapore.

How does climate change affect Singapore's sea levels?

30% of land <5m above sea level. Sea levels are rising at 1.2-1.7mm/year (1975-2009) and could rise 1m by 2100, increasing flooding risks during heavy rainfall.

What are the projected temperature changes for Singapore due to climate change?

Daily mean temperature could rise by 4.6°C by 2100 (from 27.7°C in 2014), leading to more heatwaves (≥35°C for 3+ days).

How is rainfall affected in Singapore due to climate change?

Increased rainfall (+677mm/decade since 1980) and more intense/heavy rainfall events (e.g., >40mm/hour).

What urban issues arise from climate change in Singapore?

Floods due to drainage systems being overwhelmed, the Urban Heat Island Effect (buildings/roads retain heat + high humidity), and increased Dengue risk as warmer temperatures lead to faster mosquito breeding.

How does climate change threaten ecosystems and food security in Singapore?

Coral reefs have lost 10% (in 2010 due to sea temperature rise). Singapore's 90% reliance on food imports makes it vulnerable to global shortages.

Why is water supply at risk in Singapore due to climate change?

Johor’s Linggiu Reservoir levels dropped (33-50%) due to droughts, affecting half of Singapore’s water supply.

How is Singapore adapting to sea level rise?

Land reclamation raised to 4m above sea level + polders (Pulau Tekong) and mangrove restoration using geo-bags + native plants (Jungle Island).

How does Singapore improve food security?

By pursuing the "30 by 30" goal: 30% local food by 2030 via vertical farms (e.g., Citiponics rooftop) and floating fish farms (e.g., Eco-Ark).

What innovations address water scarcity in Singapore?

NEWater/Desalination using electric-deionization for efficiency, reducing import reliance during Johor droughts.

Why is Singapore less vulnerable to tectonic hazards?

Singapore is >500km from Sunda Megathrust (experiencing weak tremors only) and the Indonesian Archipelago blocks tsunamis (needs ≥9.0 quake for 0.7m waves).

How does Singapore prepare for tectonic hazards?

SCDF Plans (sirens, shelters, public education), tech monitoring (seismograph stations + tsunami alerts), and international partnerships (ASEAN/UN disaster response).

How does Singapore balance climate/tectonic risks?

Through proactive adaptation using tech (farming/water) and infrastructure (coastal protection), and global collaboration through ASEAN/UN partnerships for disaster resilience.