AP Psych Unit 1 Vocab (copy)

sky smells like poop and acid

Correlation coefficient

Correlation coefficient

________ a statistical index of the relationship between two things (from- 1 to +1)

Scatter plot A

________ graphed cluster of dots, each of which represents the values of two variables.

Random assignment

Participants placed in groups by random

Survey

________ a technique for ascertaining the self- reported attitudes or behaviors of a particular group, usually by questioning a representative, random sample of the group.

Correlation

________ A measure of the extent to which two factors vary together, and thus of how well either factor predicts the other.

Standard deviation

________ a computed measure of how much scores vary around the mean score.

Hindsight

bias the tendency to believe, after learning an outcome, that one would have foreseen it.

Margret Floy Washburn

first woman to receive a Ph.D in psychology.

post experimental explanation

Debriefing the ________ of a study, including its purpose and any deceptions, to its participants.

Illusion

correlation the perception of a relationship where none exists.

Industrial organizational

________ psychology the application of psychological concepts and methods to optimizing human behavior in workplaces.

Functionalism

________- A school of psychology that focused on how our mental and behavioral processes function how they enable us to adapt, survive, and flourish.

Structuralism

________- an early school of psychology that used introspection to explore the elemental structure of the human mind.

Empiricism

________- the view that knowledge originates in experience and that science should, therefore, rely on observation and experimentation.

Ivan Pavlov

________ discovered classical conditioning, one of the founders of behavioralism.

William Wundt

________ father of psychology, separated psychology from philosophy, first to be referred to as a psychologist, established first true experimental lab in modern psychology.

Carl Rogers

________ founder of humanistic perspective and created unconditional positive regard.

arithmetic average

Mean the ________ of a distribution, obtained by adding the scores and then dividing by the number of scores.

Statistical significance

________ a statistical statement of how likely it is that an obtained result occurred by chance.

Socio cultural psychology the

________ study of how situations and cultures affect our behavior and thinking.

William James Founded

________ functionalism, founder of American psychology, first to teach psychology psychology.

independent variable

Confounding variable a factor other than the ________ that might produce an effect in an experiment.

Behaviorism

________ A branch of psychology that focuses on the study of observable behavior.

G Stanley Hall Founded APA

________, first person to earn a degree in psychology, helped establish psychology as an academic field.

Biological approach

an integrated approach that incorporates biological, psychological, and social- cultural levels of analysis.

biological approach key terms

• Genetics

• Nervous and endocrine systems

• Drug influence

• Brain activity and structures

Evolutionary approach

Explains behaviors and mental processes as the product of human adaptation to the environment

Evolutionary approach key terms

• Natural selection

• Survival

• Reproduction

Placebo

________ effect any effect that seems to be a consequence of administering a(n) ________.

Double blind procedure

________ an experimental procedure in which both the research participants and the research staff are ignorant (blind) about whether the research participants have received the treatment or a placebo.

Theory an explanation

________ using an integrated set of principles that organizes and predicts observations.

Naturalistic observation

________ observing and recording behavior in naturally occurring situations without trying to manipulate and control the situation.

Psychiatry a branch of medicine

________ dealing with psychological disorders; practiced by physicians who sometimes provide medical (for example, drug) treatments as well as psychological therapy.

psychodynamic approach

A branch of psychology that studies how unconscious drives and conflicts influence behavior, and uses that information to treat people with psychological disorders

behavioral approach

Focuses on observable behavior

Believed psychology should not study mental processes and consciousness.

“Learned” behaviors

behavioral key terms

• Punishment and reinforcement

• Conditioning

• Associations

• Modeling

• Behavior modification

cognitive approach

Examines how people understand and think about the world

More concerned with the internal functions driving behavior

cognitive key terms

• Thinking and memory

• Attention

• Creativity

• Problem solving

• Decision-making

• Perception

• Language

Keywords

unconscious, childhood, dream analysis, hypnosis, free association

informed consent

Participants must know that they are involved in research and participate voluntarily.

Debriefing

Researchers much fully explain the details of the research and inform participants if any deceptions was involved; the must be done immediately AFTER the research ends.

Confidentiality

Participants’ privacy must be protected.