AP Psych Unit 1 Vocab (copy)

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42 Terms

1
Correlation coefficient
________ a statistical index of the relationship between two things (from- 1 to +1)
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2
Scatter plot A
________ graphed cluster of dots, each of which represents the values of two variables.
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3
Random assignment
Participants placed in groups by random
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4
Survey
________ a technique for ascertaining the self- reported attitudes or behaviors of a particular group, usually by questioning a representative, random sample of the group.
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5
Correlation
________ A measure of the extent to which two factors vary together, and thus of how well either factor predicts the other.
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6
Standard deviation
________ a computed measure of how much scores vary around the mean score.
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7
Hindsight
bias the tendency to believe, after learning an outcome, that one would have foreseen it.
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8
Margret Floy Washburn
first woman to receive a Ph.D in psychology.
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9
post experimental explanation
Debriefing the ________ of a study, including its purpose and any deceptions, to its participants.
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10
Illusion
correlation the perception of a relationship where none exists.
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11
Industrial organizational
________ psychology the application of psychological concepts and methods to optimizing human behavior in workplaces.
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12
Functionalism
________- A school of psychology that focused on how our mental and behavioral processes function how they enable us to adapt, survive, and flourish.
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13
Structuralism
________- an early school of psychology that used introspection to explore the elemental structure of the human mind.
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14
Empiricism
________- the view that knowledge originates in experience and that science should, therefore, rely on observation and experimentation.
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15
Ivan Pavlov
________ discovered classical conditioning, one of the founders of behavioralism.
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16
William Wundt
________ father of psychology, separated psychology from philosophy, first to be referred to as a psychologist, established first true experimental lab in modern psychology.
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17
Carl Rogers
________ founder of humanistic perspective and created unconditional positive regard.
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18
arithmetic average
Mean the ________ of a distribution, obtained by adding the scores and then dividing by the number of scores.
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19
Statistical significance
________ a statistical statement of how likely it is that an obtained result occurred by chance.
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20
Socio cultural psychology the
________ study of how situations and cultures affect our behavior and thinking.
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21
William James Founded
________ functionalism, founder of American psychology, first to teach psychology psychology.
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22
independent variable
Confounding variable a factor other than the ________ that might produce an effect in an experiment.
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23
Behaviorism
________ A branch of psychology that focuses on the study of observable behavior.
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24
G Stanley Hall Founded APA
________, first person to earn a degree in psychology, helped establish psychology as an academic field.
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25
Biological approach
an integrated approach that incorporates biological, psychological, and social- cultural levels of analysis.
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26
biological approach key terms
  • Genetics

  • Nervous and endocrine systems

  • Drug influence

  • Brain activity and structures

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27
Evolutionary approach
Explains behaviors and mental processes as the product of human adaptation to the environment
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28
Evolutionary approach key terms
  • Natural selection

  • Survival

  • Reproduction

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29
Placebo
________ effect any effect that seems to be a consequence of administering a(n) ________.
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30
Double blind procedure
________ an experimental procedure in which both the research participants and the research staff are ignorant (blind) about whether the research participants have received the treatment or a placebo.
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31
Theory an explanation
________ using an integrated set of principles that organizes and predicts observations.
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32
Naturalistic observation
________ observing and recording behavior in naturally occurring situations without trying to manipulate and control the situation.
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33
Psychiatry a branch of medicine
________ dealing with psychological disorders; practiced by physicians who sometimes provide medical (for example, drug) treatments as well as psychological therapy.
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34
psychodynamic approach
A branch of psychology that studies how unconscious drives and conflicts influence behavior, and uses that information to treat people with psychological disorders
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35
behavioral approach
Focuses on observable behavior

Believed psychology should not study mental processes and consciousness.

“Learned” behaviors
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36
behavioral key terms
  • Punishment and reinforcement

  • Conditioning

  • Associations

  • Modeling

  • Behavior modification

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37
cognitive approach
Examines how people understand and think about the world

More concerned with the internal functions driving behavior
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38
cognitive key terms
  • Thinking and memory

  • Attention

  • Creativity

  • Problem solving

  • Decision-making

  • Perception

  • Language

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39
Keywords
unconscious, childhood, dream analysis, hypnosis, free association
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40
informed consent
Participants must know that they are involved in research and participate voluntarily.
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41
Debriefing
Researchers much fully explain the details of the research and inform participants if any deceptions was involved; the must be done immediately AFTER the research ends.
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42
Confidentiality
Participants’ privacy must be protected.
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