APUSH general notes to remember

Whiskey rebellion

During early Constution, people revolted against whiskey tax. Government could actually stop them.

Shay’s Rebellion

Farmers revolted because they were in debt during Articles of Confederation. Gov couldn’t stop them, showed weaknesses of the Articles

Compromise of 1850

Slave trade banned in DC, Fugitive Slave Act installed, California a free state. Led to Civil war because more tensions over slavery

Missouri Compromise

1820. Admitted Missouri as a slave state and Maine as a free state. Banned slavery north of 36 30 latitude

Great Compromise

Between the Virginia Plan and New Jersey Plan. Bicameral legislature

Presidential Reconstruction

Lincoln and Andrew Johnson, more lenient to South, 10% Plan was if 10% of a Confederate state pledge loyalty to the Union, they’ll remove military presence there.

Radical Reconstruction

Radical Republicans in Congress, military in South, a lot more action to help reconstruction

Bacon’s Rebellion

1670s. Indentured servants rebelled, wanted more protection against Amerindians. Led to turn to slavery for labor

First Great Awakening

18th century, Protestant religious revival, led to more religious participation, people preaching outdoors, more fervent religon, religious devotion

Second Great Awakening

1790s-1810s, emotional preaching, sparked reform movements like abolition

Market Revolution

1820s-1830s. Introduced factory labor and trading money instead of bartering. Introduced women to workforce (low wages, poor conditions)

Reform movements before civil war

temperance, abolition, women’s rights (property stuff)

Henry Clay’s American System

high tariffs, internal improvements (roads, canals), and national bank. More gov involvement

Jacksonian Democracy

1820s universal white male suffrage (no property or tax restrictions), “common man”

Dred Scott Case

Said African Americans were not citizens and overturned Missouri Compromise, saying slavery can’t be banned anywhere by federal government. Increased tensions pre-Civil War.

Who were the 3 progressive presidents?

1910-20s era. Teddy Roosevelt, Taft, Wilson

Who was William Loyd Garrsion?

An abolitionist in the mid 19th century whose newspaper the Liberator was to promote abolition

What were some reform movements in the 19th century?

abolition, child labor, prison reform, women’s rights

Why did the Republican Party start in the 1850s? For what topic?

To stop the expansion of slavery westward

Who was John Brown?

A radical abolitionist who did raids and revolts

What was the Whig Party?

mid 19th century, competing with Democratic Party, against manifest destiny and expansion, American System

Bleeding Kansas

Kansas was left to popular sovereignty for the issue of slavery. People rushed in to fill the population, led to violence

Platt Amendment

US protects Cuba, in exchange US gets to be involved in Cuba and have influence over it

Who was president during WWI?

Woodrow Wilson

Who were presidents during WWII?

FDR and Harry Truman

Why did US join WWI?

Germans sunk British and American boats, Zimmerman Telegram (Germany plotting with Mexico), and protecting trade partners

Why did US join WWII?

Japan attacked US at Pearl Harbor. Rising tensions beforehand

What were Wilson’s 14 points?

Propose guidelines for rebuilding a post-WWI world. More free trade and more self-government for countries in Europe

What were the Espionage and Sedition Acts?

During WWI, punished people for speaking out against government

What was the outcome of the Yalta Conference?

At the end of WWII, led to Berlin being split into French, British, Soviet, and American zones

What was the Atlantic Charter?

Before US joined WWII, Churchill and FDR created goals for a peaceful world

When was the Spanish-American War?

1898 (only lasted a year)

What was the Wilmot Proviso?

Failed attempt to ban slavery in new territories aquired from Mexican American war

What was the Ostend Manifesto?

A document that stated that America wanted to purchase Cuba from Spain. Critics saw this as too expansionist.

What was the gag rule?

Prevented antislavery petitions from being read, discussed, or debated on the House floor. Led to more pre-Civil war tensions

Who were exodusters?

African Americans who fled the violence of Reconstruction and went to Kansas

When did the KKK form?

During Radical Reconstruction (late 1860s)

Who were carpetbaggers?

Southern view of Northerners who came to oversee Radical Reconstruction in the South, and who just wanted to profit from it.

What were the draft riots?

In the Civil War, people riotted because the poor and immigrants were the ones being sent to war, while the rich could pay it off

When was the main Industrial Revolution in the US?

Mid to late 1800s

What was the New South?

In mid to late 1800s, some Southerners wanted to grow industry in the South, to improve education and quality of life

What was the Gospel of Wealth?

Carnegie’s idea, rich have an obligation to help society

What was the Social Gospel?

Movement in mid-late 1800s for Christians to help the poor in society

What groups of immigrants built the railroad?

Chinese and Irish

Dawes Act

1880s. Goal was to sell Amerindians individual plots of land, but a lot of it went to whites

Sherman Anti-Trust Act

1890s, Meant to block monopolies, actually weakened unions

Which president was the real Trustbuster?

Teddy Roosevelt

What issues did Teddy Roosevelt address?

sanitation, safe drug products, (FDA), monopolies

What was the Open Door policy?

in 1899, US wanted all countries to have equal access to trade in China, because Europeans were restricting trade there and US wanted to protect economic interests

Booker T. Washington

Early Civil Rights leader (Early 1900s), wanted African Americans to improve economically and show economic value in order to improve socially

W.E.B Du Bois

Early Civil Rights leader (Early 1900s), Focused on improving political rights, African Americans needed to educate themselves.

Who was Jane Addams?

Progressive leader, settlement house movement leader

Figures in the Harlem Renaissance?

Langston Hughes, Josephine Baker, Zora Neale Hurston

When was the Harlem Renaissance?

1920s-1930s

What caused the Great Depression?

overproduction, banks failed, stock market crashed

What was the Great Migration?

During WWI, migration of African Americans to the North for more economic opportunities and better social situations

What did immigration acts in the 1920s do?

Decrease immigration in general, and restrict it to Northern and Western Europe (fear of radicals)

What was the Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine?

US has responsibility to interfere in Latin American affairs

Coxey’s Army

unemployed workers protested during the Great Depression, marched on Washington

Why did US join WWI?

German submarine attacks on ships, Zimmerman Telegram, wanting to help economic allies

What was the Zimmerman Telegram?

Germany secretly talked to Mexico, proposing an alliance if the US joined WWI. This fueled the fire for the US to join WWI.

What was Deism?

Enlightment idea that God created the world, but allowed it to function through the laws of nature. Ben Franklin

What was strict constructionism vs loose constructionism?

Strict constructionism: only do things explicitly listed in Constitution (Jefferson). Loose constructionism: can have more flexibility and power (Hamilton)

What was the Northwest Ordinance?

In 1787, set aside land in the Northwest for small farmers, established procedure for adding new states

When did income tax start?

1913

What was dollar diplomacy?

Taft’s policy of exerting financial power as a form of imperialism

When did suburbs grow?

After WWII

What book launched the environmentalism movement in the 60s?

Silent Spring

Iran Hostage Crisis

Was during Carter, huge embarrassment for him, only was solved when Reagan became president.

Who was Betty Friedan?

Criticised traditional gender roles, wrote Feminime Mystique

What groups organized sit ins for civil rights movement?

SNCC and NAACP

What was the Marshall Plan?

US would finance economic reconstruction in Western Europe after WWII

What was the Warren Court?

1950s-70s, passed a lot of civil liberties

Who were the War Hawks?

People who supported the war of 1812, wanted to expand and show strength. Included Henry Clay and John C Calhoun

What was Transcendentalism?

Idea during early 1800s, about trusting instincts and individual conscience. Reaction to the Market Revolution changes

American Colonization Society

Abolitionist group that believed the only way to help African Americans was to send them back to Africa. Led to creation of Liberia.

When was sharecropping?

During Reconstruction

Nat Turner’s Rebellion

Enslaved African American preacher who led a rebellion in 1831

Kansas-Nebraska Act

popular sovereignty in Kansas and Nebraska over the issues of slavery, led to Bleeding Kansas

What was a Scallawag

white Southerners who supported the Republican Party during the Reconstruction Era

Vertical Integration

Company controls all steps of their production (Carnegie Steel made it from start to finish). Other companies can exist

Horizontal Integration

A monopoly, one company owns all the steps, can only get product from them (Rockefeller’s Standard Oil)

Black Codes

During the beginning of Reconstruction, under Johnson. Said African Americans could only have agricultural jobs.

Jim Crow Laws

After Reconstrcution and after the military left the South. These laws promoted segregation in all aspects of life

Frederick Jackson Turner thesis

Americans always need a fronteir and to be expanding in order to keep democracy

When was Monroe Doctrine?

1823

What was the Pueblo Revolt?

1680, Spanish tried to convert the Pueblos to Catholicism, Pueblos revolted successfully. In Southwest

Who were the Paxton Boys?

vigilantes who attacked Amerindians, ignoring the Proclamation Line of 1763

Truman Doctrine

US would help almost any nation who wasn’t communist, even if they were dictatorships