Module 1: Neurologic and Sensory Disorders Practice Flashcards

A set of vocabulary flashcards covering medical diagnoses, pathophysiology, risk factors, and nursing interventions for migraine, eye, and ear disorders.

Migraine

A complex neurologic pain disorder where nociceptive and sensory pathways become activated, characterized by throbbing headaches and often unilateral pain.

Triptans

$5-HT1B/1D$ agonists used as medications for migraine attacks.

Prodrome

A phase of a migraine that may include symptoms such as fatigue, mood changes, and cravings.

Aura

A migraine symptom that may cause visual, sensory, or speech changes.

Postdrome

The period following a migraine attack often marked by fatigue and malaise.

Conjunctivitis

Inflammation of the conjunctiva that produces redness and discharge, which can be bacterial, viral, allergic, or irritant-related.

Bacterial Conjunctivitis

A type of eye inflammation characterized by thick, purulent discharge.

Viral Conjunctivitis

A type of eye inflammation characterized by watery discharge.

Allergic Conjunctivitis

A type of eye inflammation characterized by clear discharge and itching.

Cataracts

A condition where lens proteins become damaged and aggregate, causing the lens to become progressively cloudy and light to scatter.

Diabetic Retinopathy

A condition where chronic high glucose damages retinal microvasculature, leading to leaky capillaries and fluid leakage.

VEGF (Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor)

A pathway involved in proliferative diabetic retinopathy where ischemia leads to the growth of fragile new vessels.

NPDR (Non-proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy)

A stage of diabetic retinopathy characterized by leakage and microvascular damage.

PDR (Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy)

A stage of diabetic retinopathy involving abnormal new vessels that can bleed or scar.

Macula

The area of the eye responsible for sharp central vision.

Dry AMD (Age-Related Macular Degeneration)

A condition where drusen accumulate and central vision slowly declines; peripheral vision is preserved.

Wet AMD (Age-Related Macular Degeneration)

A less common but more severe condition where abnormal vessels grow and leak blood or fluid, causing rapid central vision loss.

Open-angle Glaucoma

A condition involving slow, painless, and often silent peripheral vision loss due to a gradual reduction of outflow.

Angle-closure Glaucoma

A medical emergency where the drainage angle closes, leading to a rapid rise in intraocular pressure ($IOP$) and severe eye pain.

Otitis Externa

Inflammation or infection of the external auditory canal, often causing severe ear pain with tragus pressure.

Malignant Otitis Externa

A complication of severe otitis externa that may lead to osteomyelitis.

Otitis Media

Inflammation of the middle ear where Eustachian tube dysfunction blocks ventilation, causing fluid accumulation.

AOM (Acute Otitis Media)

Rapid onset of ear pain, fever, and irritability, potentially causing a bulging tympanic membrane.

MEE (Middle-ear Effusion)

Presence of fluid in the middle ear characterized by fullness, pressure, hearing loss, and tinnitus.

Conductive Hearing Loss

Hearing loss occurring when sound cannot efficiently travel through the external or middle ear, often showing bone conduction exceeding air conduction in Rinne tests.

Sensorineural Hearing Loss

Hearing loss resulting from damage to the cochlea, hair cells, auditory nerve, or central nervous system.

Otosclerosis

A condition caused by abnormal bone remodeling that fixes the stapes at the oval window, producing conductive hearing loss.

Ménière Disease

A condition involving idiopathic endolymphatic hydrops where excess endolymph increases inner-ear pressure, causing episodic vertigo and fluctuating hearing loss.

Vertigo

A symptom of Ménière Disease characterized by a sensation of spinning, which increases the risk of falls and injury.

Aural Fullness

A sensation of pressure in the ear commonly reported in Ménière Disease and Middle-ear Effusion.