Theoretical and Philosophical Influence

theories/models

the framework behind your reasoning

theories

a collection of concepts, definitions, and postulates that help professionals make predictions about relationships between events

Frame of Reference

a vehicle for organizing theoretical material in OT and translating it into practice through a functional practice

serve as a link between a model to practice and guides the evaluation process

What do FOR’s do?

occupations are looked at first

top-down approach

underlying factors that contribute to the completion of occupations is looked at first: clients factors, roles, rituals, habits, routines, performance skills, performance patterns

bottom-up approach

looks at contextual effects on performance first

• environmental, personal, and physical factors

contextual approach

clear, idiosyncratic, exploratory

the three approaches that lead to choosing a theoretically based intervention (model & FOR)

• when we are able to pinpoint the model/FOR based on the screening data

• we understand the person, their factors (Ex. a common diagnosis)

clear theoretical approach

screening → clear theoretical approach → assessment → FOR → theoretically based intervention

OT process with a clear theoretical approach

• we do not fully understand the client’s needs

• we consult with other sources/professions to gain more information and perspectives(Ex. Physicians, Psychologists)

• ex. We did not know much about COVID, so to choose a theoretical approach, we had to consult with infectious disease specialists, etc.

idiosyncratic approach

screening → other sources: theoretical or practical → FOR → assessment → theoretically based intervention

OT process for idiosyncratic approach

• when we know what occupation-based model to use but we do NOT know the FOR

• we must get more information from the client (through a more in-depth interview) to find their goals and needs (We can start by looking at top-down or bottom-up)

exploratory approach to evaluation

screening → explore: top-down, bottom-up, contextual → assessment → FOR → theoretically based intervention

OT Process for exploratory approach

exploratory

Which approach is it okay to do an evaluation and assessment without having a FOR picked out, yet?