etruscan final

etruscan importance

urban and literate civilization

big active period/peak

5th and 6th centurys BC

different names for the etruscan

tyrrhenoi - greek

etrusci - latin

etruscans - rasenna or rasna

the etruscans are most likely from

eastern origin

herodotus on etrusan origin

they are lydians that moved for food (like half the population)

dionysius of halicanassus on etruscan origin

Autochthonous theory like from there

Eastern origin thinkers

Herodotus

Hellancius of lesbos

Anticlides of Athens

Herodotus

Lydians migrated under leader of Tyrrhenus

Hellanicus of Lesbos

Pelasgians who arrived by sailing up Adriatic Sea

Anticles of Athens

Pelasgians who founded lesmos and imbros and later to Italy, joining Lydians led by tyrrneus

There is no Etruscan

Literature

Pyrigi tablets

Theory of the secula

Idk

Etruscan prophecy

Civilization lasts for 10 secula

Iron Age of Etruria

Very beginning - Villanovan culture

Protovillanovan Culture

Etruscan? Way back when

Male tomb villanovan

Rectangular razors, serpentine and dragon fibulae, pins occasionally weapons or helmets

Female tomb Villanova

Hairpins, arch shaped fibulae, spindle whorls, loom weights, sometime belt

Late villanovan period

Increase in commercial activity and initial development in social stratification p

VII century Etruria

Orientalizing period (720 -580 BC)

Orietalizing period

720-580, increased trade network, rise of powerful aristocracy, princely burials, Etruscan urban centers

First funerary Mounds are shown in

Orientalizing period

Several palaces are from

Orientalizing period

Tarquinia

Large underground Etruscan burial chambers, carved out of natural rock, were the norm at which location?

Tarquinia

major Etruscan city-state

Age of Expansion Etruria VI

580-470 BCE

Peperino

hard limestone

Villanovan Burials

Urn underneath some soil

Other villanovan urn stuff

Helmets huts geometric decor

Metalworking villanovan

Fibulae (woman leach type sanguisuga)

Bucchero

Black vase thing super dark

Bucchero sottile

Original little bucchero thin and fine

Bucchero transitional

Has like a stamp thing on it usually little shapes

Bucchero pesante/ Eavy Bucchero

Thick thick stuff

Sub geometric ceramic

First half of 7th c BCE

Sub geometric things

Painter of Narce, tomb of ducks, tomb of roaring lion

Tomb of the ducks, Veii c.680 - 660 BCE

Campana tomb Veii 600 BCE

Bucchero sottile kanthos - 650-600 BCE - I think there is something special about the shape

Bucchero kyathos (drinking cup) - Chiusi - 600-570 - notice the stamp around the cup

Bucchero pesante - 550-500 BCE - Foculum (serving tray thing)

White on red/ red on white

Orientalising period

Caertan production

Orientalizing period - not sure what makes it unique come back to

Architectural terracotta

Actually insane but need to give more a. Explanation

Tomb of the shields - Tarquinia - 350-300 BCE

Tomb of the shields - Tarquinia- 350 300 BC Larth Velcha with wife Velia

Larth Velcha mother and father - tomb of the shields - Tarquinia- 350 - 300 BC

Tomb of reliefs - Cerveteri - banditaccia necropolis - end of 4th C BCE

Francois tomb - vulci - c. 325 BC

stele of lemnos

• funerary inscription from the ancient Etruscan site of Lemnos, Greece, dated to the 6th century BCE. It provides valuable insights into Etruscan language and customs.

Bucchero vessel in the shape of a cockerel (Abecedarium). The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Fletcher Fund, 1924

Bronze thymiaterion (incense burner) with Marsyas late 4th century BCE MET, New York - SUNTHIA INSCRIPTION

Gold ring late 4th or early 3rd century BCE MET, New York - SUNTHIA INSCRIPTION

Probably record of a land sale conducted through a public claim made by the buyer ( a certain Petru Scevas) in the presence of the seller (a member of the family Cusu) and the praeto - Tabula Capuana Altes Museum, Berlin Mid 5th century BC

THE VI CENTURY: THE AGE OF EXPANSION

Emporia: professional merchant and development of a more advanced commercial exchange system • Contacts with Corinth and Eastern Greece • Etruscan Thalassocracy • Etruscan Rome • Etruscan Colonization of the Po Valley

The 6th Century BC: an Era of Kings and Tyrants in Etruria and Rome

•Three Etruscan Kings of Rome (Tarquinius Priscus; Servius Tullius;Tarquinius the Superb) •Thefarie Velianas (Cerveteri) •Porsenna (Chiusi-Rome)

ETRUSCAN COLONIZATION OF THE PO VALLEY BETWEEN THE 6TH AND 5TH CENTURIES BC

expansion of already existing settlements (e.g., Felsina, Adria) • foundation of new ones at the center of land and coastal trade routes (e.g., Marzabotto, Spina).

THE NECROPOLIS AS A REFLECTION OF THE CITY: second half of the 6th cent. BC

The layout of necropolises in the second half of the 6th century BC—such as the Banditaccia necropolis in Cerveteri and the Crocifisso del Tufo necropolis in Orvieto—features individual tombs, each inscribed on the architrave with the owner's name. This structured arrangement evokes the presence of a broader, more egalitarian aristocratic urban class.

V CENTURY BC: THE AGE OF THE CRISIS

Syracuse expands its influence over the Mediterranean: The Mediterranean Sea before the battle of Himera ( 480 BC) and the batte of Cuma (474 BC) • 480 BC: Battle of Himera • 474 BC: Battle of Cuma

CONTACTS WITH THE GREEKS

•Adoption of the alphabet •Greek-made objects found in Etruscan burials, transported by Greek traders •Introduction of new ceramic production technologies

ITALO-GEOMETRIC WARE

NEW TECHNOLOGIES NEW GREEK SHAPES NEW DECORATION (new techique (painted vases) and new designs)

THE ORIENTALISING PERIOD c.720-580 BC

Consolidation of an Aristocratic Class Controlling Resources The Etruscans became highly skilled traders across the Mediterranean. Flourishing Economy (metals, agriculture—e.g., wine production). The arrival of artists, finished products, and new cultural stimuli. Development of Urbanization.

Imported Luxury Items

TUMULO DELLA PIETRERA-VETULONIA- 650-625 BC.

DAIDALIC INFLUENCES