apbiovocB

Cytoskeleton

a network of microtubules, microfilaments and intermediate filaments that extends throughout the cytoplasm and serves a variety or mechanical, transport and signaling functions

Motor Proteins

A protein that interacts with cytoskeletal elements and other cell components, producing movement of the whole cell or parts of the cell.

Microtubules

Hollow rods constructed from a globular protein

Centrosome

A structure in the cytoplasm of animal cells that functions as a microtubule organizing center and is important during cell division

Centrioles

a structure in the centrosome of an animal cell composed of a cylinder of microtubule triplets arranged in a 9+0 pattern.

Flagella

A long, whip-like filament that helps in cell motility. Many bacteria are flagellated, and sperm are flagellated.

Cilia

Hairlike projections that extend from the plasma membrane and are used for locomotion

basal body

A eukaryotic cell organelle consisting of a 9 + 0 arrangement of microtubule triplets; may organize the microtubule assembly of a cilium or flagellum; structurally identical to a centriole.

dyneins

motor proteins responsible for bending movements of cilium and flagellum, composed of several polypeptides

microfilaments

Long, thin fibers that function in the movement and support of the cell

Myosin

a type of motor protein that associates into filaments that interact with actin filaments causing cell contraction

intermediate filaments

A component of the cytoskeleton that includes filaments intermediate in size between microtubules and microfilaments.

cell wall

A rigid layer of nonliving material that surrounds the cells of plants and some other organisms.

primary cell wall

In plants, a relatively thin and flexible layer that surrounds the plasma membrane of a young cell.

middle lamella

In plants, a thin layer of adhesive extracellular material, primarily pectins, found between the primary walls of adjacent young cells.

secondary cell walls

walls of lignin and cellulose deposited on the primary cell wall of some plant cells after cell growth has ceased

plasmodesmata

channels through cell walls that connect the cytoplasms of adjacent cells

extracellular matrix

The substance in which animal tissue cells are embedded, consisting of protein and polysaccharides. / the meshwork surrounding animal cells, consisting of glycoproteins, etc. synthesized and secreted by the cells

collagen

A glycoprotein in the extracellular matrix of animal cells that forms strong fibers, found extensively in connective tissue and bone; the most abundant protein in the animal kingdom.

proteogylcans

A large molecule consisting of a small core protein with many carbohydrate chains attached, found in the extracellular matrix of animal cells. may consist of up to 95% carbohydrate.

fibronectin

An extracellular glycoprotein secreted by animal cells that helps them attach to the extracellular matrix.

integrins

A transmembrane protein that interconnects the extracellular matrix and the cytoskeleton.

tight junctions

junction between animal cells that prevents the leakage of material through the space between cells

Desmosomes

a type of intercellular junction in animal cells that functions as a rivet, fastening cells together

gap junctions

type of intercellular junction in animal cells, consisting of proteins surrounding a pore that allows the passage of materials between cells

actin

A globular protein that links into chains, two of which twist helically about each other, forming microfilaments in muscle and other contractile elements in cells.