Microbiology Practice Q (videos+book)

Macrophages present antigen to

T cells

What cytokines are released by macrophages

TNF and IL-1

Phagocytic cells

neutrophils, monocytes/macrophages, dendritic cells

Antigen presenting cells

macrophages, B cells, dendritic cells

Regulatory T cells function

helps keep other T cells under control

Antibodies bind to what part of the antigen

epitope

Class I - Histocompatibility Complex Protein

informs killer T cells whats INSIDE other cells

Classical pathway of complement is activated by

IgM or IgA antibodies

Lectin pathway of complement is activated by

mannose (carb)

Alternative pathway (oldest pathway) of complement is activated by

C3 spontaneously breaking

Hypersensitivity mneumonic

I AM IT

I - immediate hypersensitivity

AM - antibody mediated

I - immune complex mediated, T - T cell mediated

Example of type I hypersensitivity

anaphylaxis

Examples of type II hypersensitivity

pernicious anemia, MG

Examples of type III hypersensitivity

lupus, RA, rheumatic fever

Examples of type IV hypersensitivity

infection, dermatitis

Atopic asthma

makes large amount of IgE

MAST cells degranulate

Myasthenia gravis

self-reactive antibodies bind to receptors for Ach

attacks myoneurojunction

Multiple sclerosis

CNS - self-reactive T cells

myelin sheaths destroyed

Rheumatoid arthritis

IgM and IgG activate macrophages (chronic inflammation)

Lupus

Malar facial rash (butterfly)

MC in females

kidney failure

DeGeorge syndrome

thymic tissue missing (no T cells)

Severe combined immunodeficiency syndrome (bubble boy)

no T or B cells

Different vaccines for polio

sabin - live and attenuated

salk - killed

Attenuated vaccine

weakened form of microbe

produce memory killer T cells!!

Carrier vaccines (trojan horse)

single gene of microbe

ELISAs and Western Blot are typically used to determine if a patient has

HIV

**Western blot = Aids confirmation test

Syphilis stages

1 - Chancre

2 - rash

3 - gumma

Echinococcus granuloses vector

canine feces

Environmental protection agency

protects air, water and land

Public health assessment

protects us from hazardous waste

Grapelike odoor, blue-green pus in a burn victim

pseudomonas

Each statement concerning surface structures of bacteria is correct EXCEPT

flagella are nonantigenic in humans b/c they resemble human flagella in their chemical composition

Which is least likely to produce a disease from a virus

cytopathic effect in infected cells

Each statement concerning class I MHC is correct EXCEPT

they are important in the skin test response to mycobacterium tuberculosis

From the list below, which is paired with their mode of transmission the most accurately

yersinia pestis - flea bite

A 30 yo female with history of rheumatid fever has had one for 2wks and a new heart murmur, what is the most likely route of transmission

mouth

The main host defense against bacterial exotoxins is

IgG and IgM

The most important function of antibodies in host defenses against bacteria

facilitation of phagocytosis

Latency (in DRG) is an outcome characteristically of which viral group

herpesvirus

Staph aureus’ physical characteristics are best described as

cluster-like

A newborn will have the most of what antibody? Breastfeeding infant?

IgG; IgA

Consumption of undercooked beef causes

taenia saginata (saggy beef)

Necrotic pneumonia, possibly leading to death is caused by this deep mycoses

aspergillus fumigatus

The anal cellophane “scotch tape test” is used to discover

if pt has contracted enterobius vermicularis (pinworm)

MC STD in US

chlamydia

Which intracellular protozoa causes 33% chance of fetal brain damage

toxoplasma gondii

Regarding lyme disease, what is the vector

deer tick

MHC I

endogenous proteins

CTL (CD8) (should always equal 8: 8×1)

proteasomes

MHC II

exogenous proteins

Th (CD4) (should always equal 8: 4×2)

invariant chains

Mannitol salt agar is used to detect which of the following

staphylococcus

Negri bodies are inclusion bodies seen in which of the following diseases

rabies

Which cell releases IL-2

T lymphocytes

Which organism lack a cell wall

mycoplasma

Which immunoglobulin is found in a type I hypersensitivity

IgE

What is an example of a type I hypersensitivity reaction

bronchial asthma

Which immunoglobulin is secreted by the gastric mucosa

IgA

Which immunoglobulin crosses the placenta

IgG

Which term is associated with the removal of solid waste during the water treatment process

sedimentation

The causative agent of pink eye is Haemophilus ______

influenzae

Which federal agency is responsible for laboratory experiment standards and funding of research

NIH

Which pioneer discovered that washing your hands prior to gynecological examination of women in labor could prevent sepsis

Semmelweis

Which of the following organisms is predominant in the San Joaquin Valley

coccidioides immitis

Which condition is diagnosed by means of a blood smear

plasmodium falciparum

What pathogen is responsible for atypical primary pneumonia

mycoplasma pneumoniae

The MC mode of transmission of disease among farmers is

direct contact

Which disease presents with ataxia, hypotonia, hypotonic bladder and hypersthesia in the lower limbs

tabes dorsalis

What is the vector of malaria

female anopheles mosquito

Which organism produces a foul smelling discharge

trichomonas vaginalis

MC route for transmission of poliovirus

fecal oral

Serology test for rickettsia

Weil felix

Body secretions like tears and saliva contain which immunoglobulin

IgA

What makes up cell wall of a bacteria

peptidoglycan

Which disinfectant is used during preoperative preparation

iodine

Heaviest and largest immunoglobulin

IgM

Scientist responsible for discovery of yellow fever

Reed

Ecchymosis is seen in

scurvy

A 71 yo male presents with sudden fever, productive cough, and a one time shiver episode

haemophilus influenzae

Mode of transport of german measles (rubella)

respiratory

A 5 yo presents with fever, sore throat and difficulty breathing. Exam reveals a gray pseudomembrane

corynebacterium diphtheria

The consumption of raw fish may be related to disease caused by

diphyllobothrium latum

Released from cells infect by a virus and protects uninfected cells

interferon

Killed bacteria are used in vaccines for which form of immunity

artificial active

Most circulating antibodies are produced by what cells

plasma cells

Passive natural acquired immunity

breastfeeding

Which organism enters the body by walking barefoot on fecal contaminated soil

necator americanus

In young children, which organism is usually implicated in otitis media

streptococcus pneumoniae

What causes Ohio valley fever and is a fungal infection that results from contact with bird droppings

histoplasmosis

HSV I resides where

trigeminal ganglion

What pathogen shows up under ultraviolet light

pseudomonas aeruginosa

Koplik spots are associated with

measles

What can you protect yourself from by wearing shoes

ancylostoma duodenale

The etiological agent for histoplasmosis is

yeast-like fungus