Chapter 8 Chemical Senses

the three chemical senses are

gustation, olfaction, chemoreceptors

The chemical sense that is also known as taste is called ____________.

gustation

The chemical sense that is also known as smell is called _______________.

olfaction

the chemical sense that is also known for being chemically sensitive cells is called, ______________.

chemoreceptors

The small bumps on the surface of the tongue are called ______________.

papillae

This voltage shift is also known as ______________-- _______________.

Receptor potential

Sour and salty taste cells release _______________ onto gustatory axons as their primary receptor.

serotonin

Sweet, bitter, and umami taste cells release _____________ as their primary receptor.

ATP

The process by which an environmental stimulus causes an electrical response in a sensory receptor is called, _____________________.

Transduction

The nature of the transduction mechanism determines the specific ______________ of the sensory system.

sensitivity

Identify which taste this taste transduction pathway involves, " directly pass through ion channels"

Salt and Sour

Identify which taste this taste transduction pathway involves, " bind to and block ion channels"

Sour

Identify which taste this taste transduction pathway involves, "bind to G-protein-coupled receptors in the membrane that activates second messenger system which opens ion channels"

Bitter, sweet, umami

The flow of taste information is as follows:

taste buds to the primary gustatory axons into the brain stem up the thalamus and to the cerebral cortex

A portion of the thalamus that deals with sensory information from the brain.

Ventral Posterior Medial nucleus

The VPM taste neurons then send axons to the _________ _____________ _____________.

primary gustatory cortex

Disease associated with loss of taste perception

ageusia

humans smell with a small, thin sheet of cells high up in the nasal cavity called ________________ ____________________.

olfactory epithelium

The olfactory epithelium has three main cell types named, _________________, _____________, _________________.

Olfactory receptor cells, supporting cells, Basal cells

____________ ___________ cells are the sites of transduction.

Olfactory receptors

_______ _________ are similar to glia; among other things, they help produce mucus.

supporting cells

________ _________ are the source of new receptor cells.

Basal Cells

The input layer of each bulb in mice contains about 2000 spherical structures called ________________.

glomeruli

The most important targets are the primitive region of the cerebral cortex called the, _________ _____________.

olfactory cortex

_________ _______ is an orderly arrangement of neurons that correlates with certain features of the enviornment.

sensory map