Homeostasis and Feedback Mechanisms

These flashcards cover key concepts related to homeostasis, feedback mechanisms, adaptations, diseases, and technologies used to manage disorders.

The maintenance of a stable internal state within an organism despite environmental changes.

What is homeostasis?

The endocrine system releases hormones, while the nervous system includes the CNS and PNS.

What are the two systems involved in maintaining homeostasis?

A feedback loop is where a variable triggers a counteracting response to allow the body to return to a set point.

Define negative feedback loop.

process increases a change, moving it further from its original state and making the effect stronger.

What is positive feedback?

pancreas release insulin

What hormone is released when blood sugar is too high?

Skeletal muscles cause shivering to generate heat through rapid involuntary contractions.

Name an effector involved in thermoregulation during cold temperatures.

Endotherms.

What adaptation is described as animals that maintain their own body temperature?

Guard cells regulate the opening and closing of stomata to control water loss through transpiration.

What is the role of guard cells in plants?

The loss of water through stomata during the process of gas exchange.

What is transpiration in the context of plants?

Hormones that act in opposition to each other to regulate bodily functions.

What is an antagonistic hormone?

A genetic disorder caused by the presence of an extra chromosome on the 21st pair (Trisomy 21).

What is Down syndrome?

Uncontrolled cell division due to mutations in proto-oncogenes and the inhibition of tumor suppressor genes.

What is the primary cause of cancer cell growth?

Tumors that do not spread to other parts of the body.

What are benign tumors?

A big sample size, long duration, appropriate study design, a control group, and appropriate testing

.What makes a valid epidemiological study

To reduce the risk of illness by promoting healthy behaviors and awareness.

What is the primary purpose of disease prevention educational programs?