Lecture 5: Green Plants | Quizlet

Green plants

adaptations to life on land, the angiosperm radiation

Diversification of Green Plants

adaptations to life on land, the angiosperm radiation

Adaptations to life on land

Preventing desiccation, water transport, structural support, reproduction

Non-vascular Plants

do not have vascular tissue to conduct water an provide support (ex. mosses)

Seedless Vascular Plants

have vascular tissue but do not make seeds (ex. ferns)

Seed Plants

have vascular tissue and make seeds (ex. Flowering plants, angiosperms)

Cuticle

a waxy layer that prevents waterless from stems and leaves

Stomata

has pros that allow gas exchange in photosynthetic tissues

Nonvascular plants

liverworts, hornworts, mosses

Vascular Tissue

Tubes that transport fluid

A simple water conducting Cells

Elongated cells with little structural support (ex found in fossils and present day mosses)

First Vascular Tissue

some structural support found in fossils

Lipin

provides stronger support

tracheids ( straw like barrier

Increased structural support. found in all vascular plants

Vessel elements

Found in gnetophytes

Seedless vascular plants

do not make seeds still tied to water for reproduction, vascular tissue allows them to get bigger ( lycophytes, whisk ferns, horsetails, ferns)

Pollen grains

( do not depend on water) the male gametophytes of seed plant (contain male gametes) tough and resist desiccation, small enough to be transported by wind on insects

Evolution of the seed

Seeds package an embryo with food supply ( very resistant of water)

Seeds are dispersed

wind, water, and animals

What would selection favor on of these

less competition

Seed plants

cycads, ginkgoes, conifers, gnetophytes, angiosperms

Gymnosperms

naked seed

Angiosperms

enclosed seeds

Angiosperm

key adaptations: vessels, flowers, fruits, vessels have gaps in there primary and secondary cell walls, cross section through top of vessel also help to identify flowers and fruit

Carrion flowers

smell like rotting flesh and attract carrion flies

Hummingbird- pollinated flowers

red long tubes with rector at the base

Bee- pollinated flowers

ofter bright purple

The evolution of fruits

derived from ovaries and contain seeds, many fruits are dispersed by animals

Monocotyledon

(single cotyledon) grasses, porches, palms, lilies

Dicotyledons

(two cotyledons) roses, daises, oaks, maples, Etc

Single cotyledon

one leaf sprouts

Two cotyledon

two leaves sprouts

Monocots

one cotyledon, vascular tissue scattered throughout stem, parallel veins in leaves, flower: petals multiples of 3 ex. Grass

Dicots

two cotyledons, vascular tissue in circular arrangement in stem, branching veins in leaves, petals multiples of 4 or 5 ex. Weeds, dandelions

Weed killer

affects dicots only not monocots