Bleeding in Early Pregnancy and Hyperemesis Gravidarum

Review practice questions covering differential diagnoses, clinical examinations, and treatment options for bleeding and hyperemesis in early pregnancy based on lecture case scenarios.

The differential diagnosis for early pregnancy bleeding includes __________, ectopic pregnancy, molar pregnancy, and local causes such as cervical or vaginal lesions.

Miscarriage

Types of miscarriage described in the differential diagnosis include threatened, inevitable, incomplete, complete, and __________ miscarriage.

Missed

History risk factors for __________ pregnancy include pelvic surgery, Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID), and assisted conception.

Ectopic

During a pelvic examination for early pregnancy bleeding, the clinician must determine if the __________ is open or closed.

Cervix

Essential investigations for suspected molar or ectopic pregnancy include B-hCG and __________.

Ultrasound

In Case Scenario No. 2, the diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy is supported by a history of sharp lower abdominal pain, amenorrhoea, and a previous history of __________.

Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)

The differential diagnosis for nausea and vomiting in pregnancy includes hyperemesis gravidarum, gastritis, pyelonephritis, cholecystitis, and __________.

Appendicitis

Clinical evidence of dehydration in a patient with nausea and vomiting includes dry mouth, tachycardia, or __________.

Postural hypotension

A __________ uterus on examination may suggest a multiple pregnancy or a molar pregnancy.

Large-for-dates

In a urinalysis for hyperemesis gravidarum, the presence of __________ is used to determine the severity of the condition.

Ketones

A complete blood count (CBC) in hyperemesis gravidarum may show __________ and a white blood cell count for infection.

Hemo-concentration

Supportive care for hyperemesis gravidarum includes reassuring the patient that the problem usually resolves spontaneously at __________ weeks.

$12$ to $14$ weeks

Medical treatment for hyperemesis gravidarum involves intravenous fluids for $24$ to $48$ hours, anti-emetics, and __________ supplementation.

Vitamin B1

In Exercise Case Scenario No. 3, the patient presents with a SFH of __________ at $10$ weeks gestation, which is much larger than dates, implying a molar pregnancy.

$$28\,cm$$

The exercise scenario identifies a blood pressure of __________ and excess vomiting as clinical markers associated with the condition.

$$160/90$$