chapter 33, quiz 1

DOES NOT INCLUDE PHYLA

hermaphrodite

individuals that are male and female

choaocyte

in the interior of spongocoels. cells that are shaped like choanoflagellates, generate current with flagella and help Porifera filter feed by particles getting stuck in the collar

amoebocyte

cells that move through a sponge’s mesohyl which digests food from choanocytes, distribute nutrition, manufacture touch skeletal fibers, and can become other sponge cell types

spongocoel

the pores in the central cavity of a sponge where water is drawn in to filter feed

osculum

a large opening in a sponge where water flows out during filter feeding

gastrovascular cavity

a sac with a central digestive compartment. only has one opening for mouth and anus

cynidocytes

cells that contain cnidae (capsule-like organelles that can expand outward). are on the tentacles of cynrdarians and help capture prey and defend

sessile

organism that stays in one place

nematocyst

specialized cnidae that have a stinging thread and can puncture prey

parthenogenesis

a type of asexual reproduction where females produce unfertilized eggs which are only female

radula

a rough, tongue-like, organ used by Mollusks to scrape up food

complete metamorphosis

metamorphosis where the babies and adults look completely different

incomplete metamorphosis

where babies and adults look similar, just bigger

hemolymph

fluid in open circulatory systems that is propelled by heart into small arteries and then into the hemocoel

hemocoel

the body cavity surrounding tissues and organs

tracheal system

branched air ducts leading into the interior of the body from pores in the cuticle

cuticle

the hard outer covering on Ecdysozoa

spiracle

an external respiratory opening

tube feet

one of the extensions of echinoderm’s water vascular system. function in locomotion and feeding

endoskeleton

an internal skeleton

The two body plans of Cnidarians

floating medusa and sessile polyp

the phylum with most bilateral acoelomates

Platyhelminthes

intermediate and terminal host of a blood fluke

intermediate: snails. definitve/terminal: humans.

three main parts of a mollusk body plan

muscular foot (for movement), visceral mass (main body part with most organs), mantle (layer of tissue over visceral mass that secretes shell)

cephalopods vs. other mollusks

cephalopods have a completely merged head and foot, with a ring of arms and/or tentacles surrounding the head

what is a lophophore and its function?

a hair-like structure that draws in water and food for nutrition

oligochaeta vs. polychaeta

polychaeta have a parapodia which act as little legs and more chaetae (bristles made of chitin) per segment

two evolutionary innovations that are well developed by annelids

the coelom is well developed and complex, and the body is segmented (specialized/ doing different jobs)

three main characteristics of arthopods

segmented bodies, hard exoskeleton, jointed appendages

advantages and disadvantages of arthropod exoskeleton

advantage: gives them durability and protection

disadvantage: limited movement and does not grow with them (molting leaves them exposed)

three major anatomical features of insecta

head, thorax, and abdomen. wings are made from cuticle. 3 pairs of walking legs

crustacea can be distinguished from Insecta by counting their ____

antennae (insects have one pair, crustaceans have two)

what is a barnacle?

a group of mostly sessile crustaceans whose cuticle is hardened into a shell containing calcium carbonate

what two animal phyla exhibit the deuterostome development?

echinodermata and chordata

what anatomical structure is unique to the echinoderms?

water vascular system (its a network of hydraulic canals branching into extensions called tube feet-function in locomotion feeding and gas exchange)