Studied by 10 people
hermaphrodite
individuals that are male and female
choaocyte
in the interior of spongocoels. cells that are shaped like choanoflagellates, generate current with flagella and help Porifera filter feed by particles getting stuck in the collar
amoebocyte
cells that move through a sponge’s mesohyl which digests food from choanocytes, distribute nutrition, manufacture touch skeletal fibers, and can become other sponge cell types
spongocoel
the pores in the central cavity of a sponge where water is drawn in to filter feed
osculum
a large opening in a sponge where water flows out during filter feeding
gastrovascular cavity
a sac with a central digestive compartment. only has one opening for mouth and anus
cynidocytes
cells that contain cnidae (capsule-like organelles that can expand outward). are on the tentacles of cynrdarians and help capture prey and defend
sessile
organism that stays in one place
nematocyst
specialized cnidae that have a stinging thread and can puncture prey
parthenogenesis
a type of asexual reproduction where females produce unfertilized eggs which are only female
radula
a rough, tongue-like, organ used by Mollusks to scrape up food
complete metamorphosis
metamorphosis where the babies and adults look completely different
incomplete metamorphosis
where babies and adults look similar, just bigger
hemolymph
fluid in open circulatory systems that is propelled by heart into small arteries and then into the hemocoel
hemocoel
the body cavity surrounding tissues and organs
tracheal system
branched air ducts leading into the interior of the body from pores in the cuticle
cuticle
the hard outer covering on Ecdysozoa
spiracle
an external respiratory opening
tube feet
one of the extensions of echinoderm’s water vascular system. function in locomotion and feeding
endoskeleton
an internal skeleton
The two body plans of Cnidarians
floating medusa and sessile polyp
the phylum with most bilateral acoelomates
Platyhelminthes
intermediate and terminal host of a blood fluke
intermediate: snails. definitve/terminal: humans.
three main parts of a mollusk body plan
muscular foot (for movement), visceral mass (main body part with most organs), mantle (layer of tissue over visceral mass that secretes shell)
cephalopods vs. other mollusks
cephalopods have a completely merged head and foot, with a ring of arms and/or tentacles surrounding the head
what is a lophophore and its function?
a hair-like structure that draws in water and food for nutrition
oligochaeta vs. polychaeta
polychaeta have a parapodia which act as little legs and more chaetae (bristles made of chitin) per segment
two evolutionary innovations that are well developed by annelids
the coelom is well developed and complex, and the body is segmented (specialized/ doing different jobs)
three main characteristics of arthopods
segmented bodies, hard exoskeleton, jointed appendages
advantages and disadvantages of arthropod exoskeleton
advantage: gives them durability and protection
disadvantage: limited movement and does not grow with them (molting leaves them exposed)
three major anatomical features of insecta
head, thorax, and abdomen. wings are made from cuticle. 3 pairs of walking legs
crustacea can be distinguished from Insecta by counting their ____
antennae (insects have one pair, crustaceans have two)
what is a barnacle?
a group of mostly sessile crustaceans whose cuticle is hardened into a shell containing calcium carbonate
what two animal phyla exhibit the deuterostome development?
echinodermata and chordata
what anatomical structure is unique to the echinoderms?
water vascular system (its a network of hydraulic canals branching into extensions called tube feet-function in locomotion feeding and gas exchange)
Note 
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