chapter 33, quiz 1

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hermaphrodite

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Description and Tags

DOES NOT INCLUDE PHYLA

Biology

35 Terms

1

hermaphrodite

individuals that are male and female

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2

choaocyte

in the interior of spongocoels. cells that are shaped like choanoflagellates, generate current with flagella and help Porifera filter feed by particles getting stuck in the collar

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3

amoebocyte

cells that move through a sponge’s mesohyl which digests food from choanocytes, distribute nutrition, manufacture touch skeletal fibers, and can become other sponge cell types

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4

spongocoel

the pores in the central cavity of a sponge where water is drawn in to filter feed

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5

osculum

a large opening in a sponge where water flows out during filter feeding

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6

gastrovascular cavity

a sac with a central digestive compartment. only has one opening for mouth and anus

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7

cynidocytes

cells that contain cnidae (capsule-like organelles that can expand outward). are on the tentacles of cynrdarians and help capture prey and defend

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8

sessile

organism that stays in one place

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9

nematocyst

specialized cnidae that have a stinging thread and can puncture prey

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10

parthenogenesis

a type of asexual reproduction where females produce unfertilized eggs which are only female

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11

radula

a rough, tongue-like, organ used by Mollusks to scrape up food

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12

complete metamorphosis

metamorphosis where the babies and adults look completely different

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13

incomplete metamorphosis

where babies and adults look similar, just bigger

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14

hemolymph

fluid in open circulatory systems that is propelled by heart into small arteries and then into the hemocoel

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15

hemocoel

the body cavity surrounding tissues and organs

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16

tracheal system

branched air ducts leading into the interior of the body from pores in the cuticle

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17

cuticle

the hard outer covering on Ecdysozoa

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18

spiracle

an external respiratory opening

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19

tube feet

one of the extensions of echinoderm’s water vascular system. function in locomotion and feeding

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20

endoskeleton

an internal skeleton

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21

The two body plans of Cnidarians

floating medusa and sessile polyp

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22

the phylum with most bilateral acoelomates

Platyhelminthes

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23

intermediate and terminal host of a blood fluke

intermediate: snails. definitve/terminal: humans.

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24

three main parts of a mollusk body plan

muscular foot (for movement), visceral mass (main body part with most organs), mantle (layer of tissue over visceral mass that secretes shell)

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25

cephalopods vs. other mollusks

cephalopods have a completely merged head and foot, with a ring of arms and/or tentacles surrounding the head

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26

what is a lophophore and its function?

a hair-like structure that draws in water and food for nutrition

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27

oligochaeta vs. polychaeta

polychaeta have a parapodia which act as little legs and more chaetae (bristles made of chitin) per segment

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28

two evolutionary innovations that are well developed by annelids

the coelom is well developed and complex, and the body is segmented (specialized/ doing different jobs)

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29

three main characteristics of arthopods

segmented bodies, hard exoskeleton, jointed appendages

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30

advantages and disadvantages of arthropod exoskeleton

advantage: gives them durability and protection

disadvantage: limited movement and does not grow with them (molting leaves them exposed)

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31

three major anatomical features of insecta

head, thorax, and abdomen. wings are made from cuticle. 3 pairs of walking legs

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32

crustacea can be distinguished from Insecta by counting their ____

antennae (insects have one pair, crustaceans have two)

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33

what is a barnacle?

a group of mostly sessile crustaceans whose cuticle is hardened into a shell containing calcium carbonate

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34

what two animal phyla exhibit the deuterostome development?

echinodermata and chordata

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35

what anatomical structure is unique to the echinoderms?

water vascular system (its a network of hydraulic canals branching into extensions called tube feet-function in locomotion feeding and gas exchange)

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