Biofeedback

biofeedback

techniques that provide information to the user about their own physiological or biomechanical processes (in real time)

self awareness control

biofeedback is used to improve ____ ____ and _____

self regulate

biofeedback is used to facilitate a user's ability to _____-_____ a targeted biological process

direct transformed

strategies of biofeedback include _____ feedback and _____ feedback

physiological biomechanical

categories of biofeedback include ______ (neuromuscular, respiratory, and cardiovascular systems) and ______ (movement, postural control, force)

facilitation inhibition coordination

the purpose of neuromuscular biofeedback is _____, ______, and _____ (EMG, RTUS)

Arthrogenic muscle inhibition (AMI)

normal protective response that inhibits muscle function with pain and swelling; may result in muscle atrophy and inhibition

AMI force

EMG biofeedback uses attentional strategies to promote muscle activity; reduces ____ and increases muscles ability to generate _____

inhibit

EMG biofeedback can be used to ______ the ionic activity of a muscle to reduce motor input to that muscle; used with hyperactive or spastic muscles

timing recruitment

EMG biofeedback can be used for neuromuscular coordination; improve the ____ and _____ of muscle activity; emphasis on appropriate timing and intensity of motor unit firing

electrical

EMG represents the ______ changes occurring in the tissues underlying the electrode; motor unit conducts an impulse to muscle fibers causing the fivers to depolarize --> electrical impulses converted to visual and auditory signals

MUAP

depolarization produces electrical activity; displayed graphically as EMG signal

intrinsic

EMG biofeedback is used to detect ______ electrical activity of muscle tissue

parallel

spacing of electrodes influences area of muscle being targeted; should be placed ______ with muscle fibers

narrow

_____ spacing of electrodes captures signals from more superficial muscles

wider

_____ spacing of electrodes allows for greater tissue sampling (sacrifices specificity)

quadriceps

EMG biofeedback is frequently used in the clinic for post-surgical _______ reeducation

microvolts

ionic activity is measured in ______

gain

_____ setting determines specificity of device; range from 1-2000 microvolts

sensitivity

higher gain setting the higher the ______ of an EMG device; have higher gain settings early and progress to lower gain settings later in rehab

2

amplitude of a muscle at rest is approximately ___ microvolts

20 30

healthy muscle contractions have been recorded > than ____-____ microvolts

peak amplitde

highest EMG activity recorded during a muscle contraction

contraction latency

the time it takes to reach peak amplitude following a command to contract a muscle (normal = 0.5 seconds)

return latency

the time the command to stop a muscle contraction to the point when myoelectrical activity returns to resting levels (normal = 1 second)

hold capacity

time during which consistent EMG amplitude is observed; reflects the level of endurance of a muscle

intercontraction baseline

level of myoelectrical activity measured between muscle contractions when the muscle is at rest

threshold

the goal level of myoelectrical activity set by PT; level of electrical activity that must be achieved to produce a signal

indications

common ______ for biofeedback include hemiplegia, quadriceps re-education, headaches, pelvic floor disorders, chronic pain, tempromandibular disorders, develop a patient centered exercise prescription

inflammatory infections

contraindications and precautions for biofeedback include acute ______ conditions, pregnancy, and bladder or vaginal ______

above

to facilitate a muscle contraction set the threshold at or _____ the maximum EMG amplitude

below

to inhibit a muscle contraction, set the threshold at or ____ the lowest prerecorded amplitdue

real-time ultrasound imaging (RTUS)

produces images of internal structures, provides immediate visual feedback of muscle activity, frequently used for anterolateral abdominal wall contraction, pelvic floor contraction

HR HRV

forms of cardiovascular biofeedback include _____ and _____