polarity for chemistry

polar molecule

A molecule that has a partial positive charge on one side and a partial negative charge on the other side, such as water (H₂O).

like dissolves like

In chemistry, it means that polar molecules dissolve in polar solvents, and nonpolar molecules dissolve in nonpolar solvents.

Examples of molecules that dissolve in water

Salt (NaCl), Sugar (C₆H₁₂O₆), Ammonia (NH₃).

Surface tension

The property of water that allows an object denser than water to float.

Adhesion

The property of water that causes a meniscus to form in a graduated cylinder.

Hydrogen bonding

Occurs only when hydrogen is bonded to Oxygen (O), Nitrogen (N), or Fluorine (F).

van der Waals forces

Electrostatic interactions between opposite charges in molecules.

solubility

The ability of a substance to dissolve in another.

dipole

A molecule with regions of partial positive and negative charges.

capillary action

Water moving against gravity due to cohesion and adhesion.

density

Mass per unit volume.

adhesion

The attraction between different substances.

phase transition

The change of a substance from one state to another.

cohesion

The attraction between molecules of the same substance.

surface tension

The tightness of water’s surface due to hydrogen bonding.