CHAPTER 1 REVIEW MICRO

How is microbiology defined?

Microbiology is the study of microorganisms, which are organisms so small that microscopes are needed to see them.

What is a microorganism?

An organism smaller than about 0.1 mm that usually requires a microscope to see.

What is bacteriology?

The study of bacteria.

What is phycology?

The study of algae.

What is mycology?

The study of fungi.

What is protozoology?

The study of protozoans.

What is virology?

The study of viruses.

What is a symbiont?

A microorganism that lives in partnership with another living organism.

What are the three types of symbionts?

Commensalism, mutualism, and parasitism.

What is commensalism?

One organism benefits and neither organism is harmed.

What is mutualism?

Both organisms benefit.

What is parasitism?

One organism benefits while the other organism is harmed.

What is a pathogen?

A microorganism or virus that causes disease.

What is pathology?

The study of diseases.

What is normal flora?

Microorganisms that normally live in or on a human and usually do not cause disease.

What did Leeuwenhoek contribute to microbiology?

He used a single

What did Semmelweis contribute?

He was an early supporter of handwashing to reduce the spread of disease.

What did John Snow contribute?

He tracked a cholera outbreak in London and is considered the Father of Epidemiology.

What did Joseph Lister contribute?

He introduced antiseptic techniques into surgery.

What did Louis Pasteur contribute?

He disproved spontaneous generation, supported germ theory, developed pasteurization, and developed vaccines including vaccines for rabies, anthrax, and chicken cholera.

What did Robert Koch contribute?

He identified specific microorganisms that cause diseases, developed important lab techniques, discovered the causes of cholera and tuberculosis, and proposed Koch's Postulates.

What is Miasma Theory?

The belief that disease was caused by "bad air" or particles coming from decomposing material.

What is spontaneous generation?

The belief that living organisms could arise from nonliving material.

What is Germ Theory?

The idea that microorganisms can cause disease.

How are Miasma Theory and spontaneous generation different from Germ Theory?

Miasma Theory blamed disease on bad air, spontaneous generation said life could come from nonliving material, while Germ Theory says microorganisms can cause disease.

Who proposed binomial nomenclature?

Carl Linnaeus.

What is binomial nomenclature?

A system that gives an organism a two

What are the three Domains of life?

Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya.

Which two Domains contain prokaryotes?

Bacteria and Archaea.

Which Domain contains eukaryotes?

Eukarya.

What does DKPCOFGS stand for?

Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species.

What is taxonomy?

The system used to name organisms and group similar organisms.

What are the three parts of taxonomy?

Classification, nomenclature, and identification.

What is classification?

Assigning organisms to taxonomic groups based on similar characteristics.

What is nomenclature?

The rules used to name organisms.

What is identification?

Determining which taxonomic group an organism belongs to.

What is phylogenetics?

The study of evolutionary relationships between organisms.

How do you correctly write a scientific name?

Capitalize the genus, lowercase the species, and italicize both.

Correct the scientific name: escherichia coli

Escherichia coli.

What is the genus in Escherichia coli?

Escherichia.

What is the species name in Escherichia coli?

coli.

What did Carl Woese contribute?

He used molecular genetics to study relationships between organisms and helped establish the three

What are the three Domains established in the modern system?

Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya.

What does modern taxonomy rely heavily on?

Molecular genetics, including DNA, RNA, and protein comparisons.