APUSH Time Period 4 Key Terms

American System

A plan by Henry Clay to promote econonmic growth in the US thourgh protective tariffs, a national bank, and internal improvements like roads and canals.

Juduciary Act

Laws passed by Congress to organize the federal judiciary including the Judiciary Act of 1789, which established the Supreme Court and lower courts.

McColough Versues Maryland

supreme Court case affirming federal supremacy and the implied powers of congress by ruling that Maryland couldn’t tax the national bank.

Marbury vs. Madison

Supreme Court Case that established the principle of judicial review, allowing courts to declare laws unconstitutional.

Mexican American War

A war between the US and Meexico, sparked by disputes over Texas’s border after it was annexed by the US. The conflict ended up with the Treaty of Guadalupe HIdalgo, which forced Mexico to cede territories includiing present day California, Arizona, and New MExico to the US. This expansion intensified debates oer slavery in the new territories, contributing to sectional tensions leading up to the Civil War.

Talmadge amendment

Proposed amendments to prohibit the expansion of slavery into Missouri, igniting heated debates over slavery’s expansion in the US

Trustees of Dartmouth College v. Woodward

Supreme Court Case protecting private contracts from state interference, strenghtening the secuirty of private coporations

Fletcher vs. Peck

supreme court case that upheld the sanctity of contracts, ruling that state laws can’t invalidate legal contracts, even if they involve corruption.

Rush-Bagot Treaty

Agreement between the US and Britain to limit naval armaments on the Great Lakes, fostering peaceful relations between the two nations