Carbon footprinting

What does climate change look like in terms of Australia?

• Average temperatures will continue to increase in all seasons

• More hot days and warm spells

• Fewer frosts

• Decreasing winter and spring rainfall

• Increased intensity of extreme rainfall events

• Mean sea level will continue to rise

• Sea surface temperature to increase in the range of 1.5 to 5.1C by 2090

• A harsher fire-weather climate in the future

• Potential evapotranspiration to increase in all seasons

In greenhouse gas accounting - what are the three different scopes?

• Scope 1 = direct (fuel, chemicals)

• Scope 2 = indirect (electricity)

• Scope 3 = external (materials, contractors, transport)

In terms of the wine industry and viticulture, what are some examples in Scope 1?

Direct vineyard and winery emissions

• machinery fuel use

• fertiliser use

• refrigerant use

• wastewater management

In terms of the wine industry and viticulture, what are some examples in Scope 2?

Indirect vineyard and winery emissions

• purchased electricity

used for vineyard irrigation, lighting, cold stabilisation, refrigeration and similar equipment

In terms of the wine industry and viticulture, what are some examples in Scope 3?

Indirect vineyard, winery and supply chain emissions

• transportation and distribution

includes the grapes and wine from vineyard to winery and winery to market

• common goods and services

those that are typically purchased in the wine supply chain, including wine packaging materials, water and winery chemicals and inputs

• indirect emissions from fossil fuel use

fossil fuel emissions associated with the transport, refinement and processing of fossil fuels that are used in the vineyard and winery

• waste

such as those generated in operation of vineyard and wineries

• end-of-life packaging

in domestic and international markets

• employee commutes

commuting of Australian wine sector employees for work purposes

Direct and indirect emissions are further defined as scope 1, 2 or 3, - which of the scope emissions are used to define a winery's carbon footprint?

All three are used, the provide a comprehensive understanding of emissions

What benefit could a winery gain by undertaking a carbon foot printing analysis of winery operations?

1. Cost reduction & operational efficiency

By identifying high-emission areas of the winery - you can also identify areas of inefficiency. Optimising refrigeration systems or switching over to renewable energy sources can lower emissions and energy expenses

2. Improved reputation

If a winery demonstrates a commitment to sustainability through carbon foot printing they can improve their reputation as many markets now require businesses to provide evidence of environmental performance and carbon transparency

Give examples of the types of activities that would make a major contribution to a winery’s carbon foot print

• packaging - glass bottles

• electricity consumption - refrigeration, fermentation, bottling

• transportation

• viticultural practices - fertilisers

• waste management - organic and inorganic waste