nomenclature

quick study

IUPAC

standard guidelines for naming compounds, IUPAC name contains PREFIX<ROOT/BASE<SUFFIX

prefix

names of the substituent groups other than hydrogen that complete the molecular structure

suffix

designates any functional groups

root/base

indicates the number of carbons and the type of chain or ring found in the molecular structure

classes of compounds

are defined by the functional group. There are many common names and functional group names. Multiple names are possible.

cyclo-

ring structure

iso-

2 methyl groups on the terminus of a chain

n-

normal straight chain

t-

tertiary alkyl group

vic (vicinal)

2 substituents on adjacent carbons

gem (geminal)

2 substituents on the same carbon

alkene isomers

cis or trans