Psych of Gender Exam 1

EXAM 1 PREP: Terms & Concepts

1st Wave Feminism

19th-20th century - represented by suffragists + giving women the right to vote

2nd Wave Feminism

1960s-1990s - marked by fighting for equal workplace rights, rejecting traditionalism and advocating for reproductive rights

3rd Wave Feminism

1990s-Now - marked by embracing femininity and sexuality

4th Wave Feminism

mid 200s-now - marked by the #MeToo movement and addressing injustices against women (e.g. assault)

Matrix of Domination

all systems of bias stem from these same social stratifications (4 categories: structural, disciplinary, hegemonic, interpersonal)

Structural Domain

laws, policies, etc…

Disciplinary Domain

punishment - type of punishment/how it’s administered + who it’s administered by

Hegemonic Domain

cultural beliefs and shared values

Interpersonal Domain

how others interact with us + how we interact with others

Strong Power

power as capability/outcome control (structural + disciplinary)

Soft Power

power as influence or potential influence (hegemony + interpersonal)

Privilege

a set of unearned benefit given to people who fit into a specific social group

ABCs of social psychology

how interacting with others affects how we think (affect), feel (cognition), and act (behavior)

ABCs of stigma (affect)

prejudice - a preconceived opinion/attitude about an issue, person or group

ABCs of stigma (behavior)

discrimination - biased treatment of people based on their membership to a group

ABCs of stigma (cognition)

stereotypes - beliefs that associate groups with certain traits

Public Stigma

bullying, humiliation, insults in a public setting

Internalized Stigma

self-hatred, hegemonic beliefs internalized

Structural Stigma

institutional stigma, discriminatory laws or lack of protections, cultural stigma

Hostile Sexism

negative/derogatory beliefs about women and girls

Benevolent Sexism

belief that women and girls should be treated different because they’re special and in need of protection

Microaggressions

eveyrday/subtle interactions or behaviors that communicate bias

Microassault

a joke or passing comment - more egregious, public stigma

Microinsult

backhanded compliment based off identity

Microinvalidation

not believing/invalidating experiences of minorities

Intersectionality

the complex, cumulative way in which the effects of multiple forms of discrimination (such as racism, sexism, and classism) combine, overlap, or intersect especially in the experiences of marginalized individuals or groups

Gender Essentialism

belief that men and women are different due to deep unchanging properties (biological/genetic)

Neurosexism

belief that there are biological differences that make women inferior

Social Role Theory

theory proposing that gender differences in behavior and stereotypes originate from the historically gendered division of labor and distribution of men and women into distinct social roles

Expectancy Role Value Theory

theory proposing that choices, performance, and persistence are driven by expectations of success and the subjective value assigned to specific roles or tasks

6 Factors of Biological Sex

chromosomes, genes, internal sex organs, external sex organs, hormones, secondary sex characteristics

Intersex

gender identity where reproductive anatomy doesn’t fir typical definitions of male or female (1.7% of population)

Gender

a social construct largely based on beliefs about masculinity and femininity

Gender Identity

personal sense of one’s own gender but not always aligned with sex

Gender Expression

behaviors, mannerisms, interests and appearances that one feels are associated with their gender

Borderwork

Interaction between groups, particularly children of different genders, that strengthens or maintains social boundaries rather than diminishing them.