Anatomy & Physiology - Chapter 1 (copy)

Patellar

encompassing the front of the knee

calcaneus

heel

thoracic

upper part of chest (heart, lungs, etc.)

abdominal

stomach area

cephalic

head/brain

digital

toes and fingers

gluteal

buttocks

cranial

head/skull/brain

brachial

upper arm

pectoral

muscles of the chest

orbital

eyes

pulmonary

lungs

pericardial

heart cavity

femoral

thigh

levels of organization

atoms (carbon) - molecules (water) - cells (skin cell) - tissues (muscle) - organs (liver) - organ systems (digestive) - organism (human)

metabolism

all physical and chemical changes occurring in an organism that requires energy

homeostasis

tendency of the body to maintain a stable, balanced, internal environment

homeostatic mechanisms

electrolytes, water, temperature, heart rate

7 functions of human life

organization, metabolism, responsiveness, movement, growth, reproduction, development

negative feedback loop

bring back to normal state

positive feedback loop

amplify or increase the occurrence of events, work away from normal

Insulin

causes body cells to absorb glucose and liver stores glucose as glycogen to lower blood glucose levels

glucagon

causes liver to break down glycogen and release glucose to blood glucose levels rise

superior/inferior

top/bottom

superficial/deep

surface/inners of body

proximal/dismal

close to root/far

medial/lateral

inner/outer

anterior/posterior

front/back

dorsal/ventral

back/front

sagittal

longitudinal plane dividing head and torso into left and right parts (not halves) more towards right arm

coronal, frontal

divides body head, torso, and limbs into front and back

transverse, cross

plane divides body into upper and lower from stomach

anatomical positioning

describes the relationship of one organ to another, usually along one of the three body planes

eviscerate

disembowel or remove

integumentary

protect underlying tissues and regulate temp

skeletal

protection and structure

muscular

movement, transporting materials

nervous

coordinates all of the bodies activities

endocrine

production of hormones

digestive

breakdown of food, absorption

circulatory

transports materials throughout the body

lymphatic

fights infections

urinary

filters wastes from blood

reproductive

produce egg and sperm

respiratory

breath