Human Diversity and Behavior Exam 2 Review

Racism

the systemic subordination of members of targeted racial groups who have relatively little social power...by members of the agent racial group who have relatively more social power

Prejudice

is a negative feeling, antipathy, either expressed or not expressed based on faulty or inflexible generalizations which places a group of people at some disadvantage not merited by their actions.

Discrimination

Actions taken on the bases of one's prejudice

3 Types of Racism

individual, institutional, cultural

Individual racism

Beliefs, attitudes, and actions of individuals that support or perpetuate racism. (ethnocentrism)

Institutional racism

involves the manipulation of societal institutions to give preference and advantages to dominant group and at the same time restrict the choices, rights, mobility, and access of the minority group.

Cultural racism

The belief that the cultural ways of one group is superior to anothers

Groups tends to create conformity through:

Size, frequency of contact, cohesiveness, (attraction) group significance (importance), and clarity of group norms.

Avoidant types

Ignore, minimize, or deny race

Dependent types

Adopt positions of significant others

Dissonate types

Lack of commitment and change positions easily

Dominative types

Adopts classic bigotry

Conflictive types

Opposes efforts at social justice

Integrative types

Open to change through goodwill and rationality

Reactive types

Stand militantly against racism

What is culture?

How people do things

What is a paradigm?

The mindset that comes out of a culture. A set of assumptions, beliefs, or ideas that shape how someone views the world

Monochronic

Time urges people to do things one at a time. Has a high need for closure, linear fashion, wants people to stand in line

Polychromic

Many things at once, does a number of things simultaneously, will skip and ignore lines, and information overload

Individualistic

Concerned with personal achievement, values truth and talking straight, more I than we, more independent

Collectivism

concerned with community, serving face, groupness and harmony. Concerned with others feelings and not embarrassing situations. Interdependent.

Achievement orientation

Exhibits work as most central to their lives. Values material success. Diffenterates gender roles, displays high levels of stress

Nurturance orientation

Tends to accept fluid gender roles, and values interpersonal relationships. Reads nonverbal messages better. Values compassion, less stress

High power distance

How power and authority is perceived. Characterized by a large gap in power and authority, where individuals accept and expect that some people have more power than others. 

Low power distance

Tends to be horizontal, less ritualistic. People value equality, minimize social hierarchies, and encourage participation

High context

Tends to live with ambiguity, Uses a soft bargaining approach, involves feeling and intuition.

Low context

Tend to dislike things they don't understand, Usually use a direct form of communication. Tend to look for the individual differences