Respiratory System and Air Composition

Flashcards covering key concepts related to the respiratory system and the composition of air.

Inspired Air

The air that is inhaled, containing a higher proportion of oxygen.

Expired Air

The air that is exhaled, containing a higher proportion of carbon dioxide.

Limewater Test

A test for carbon dioxide, where limewater turns cloudy when carbon dioxide is present.

Emphysema

A disease caused by the breakdown of alveolar walls, reducing gas exchange surface area and causing oxygen struggles.

Cilia

Tiny hair-like structures that help move mucus and trap particles in the airways.

Goblet Cells

Cells that produce mucus to trap particles and bacteria in the respiratory system.

Tar in Cigarette Smoke

Contains carcinogens that can lead to lung cancer.

Nicotine

An addictive chemical found in cigarettes.

Gas Composition of Inspired Air

Contains approximately 21% oxygen, 0.04% carbon dioxide, and variable water content.

Gas Composition of Expired Air

Contains approximately 16% oxygen, 4% carbon dioxide, and variable water content.

Balloon (model)

Used to represent lungs in the bell jar model for the respiratory system, but does not fully imitate lung functions.

Rubber Sheet (model)

Represents diaphragm movement but pulls down further than a flat diaphragm would.