BIO 1000 Exam 1: Animal and Plant Cells

nucleus

membrane bound department - contains DNA

plasma membrane

outer boundary of the cell

cytoplasm

region inside the plasma membrane and outside of the nucleus

organelles

structures within the cell which carry out specific functions

nucleolus

within nucleus - RNA and proteins combine to make ribosomal subunits - (will make up ribosome)

cytoskeleton

internal scaffolding that maintains the shape of the cell

cytosol

fluid in which the cell's organelles are immersed (outside of the nucleus)

ribosomes

structures that translate RNA to proteins

rough er

(in cytoplasm) network of plasma membranes that has ribosomes embedded in the surface

smooth er

detoxifies potentially harmful substances and produces lipids

golgi complex

consist of membranous sacs. Receives proteins from the ER, modifies them and then ships them off to their final destination (train station)

vessicle

tiny membranous sacs in the cytoplasm

lysosome

organelles that contain enzymes that break down organelles and return them to the cytosol so they can be reused - also digest nutrients (they also break down gangliosides, causes Tay-Sachs disease)

peroxisome

vesicle containing enzymes which break down fatty acids and amino acids

mitochondria

convert energy found in food into a molecular form (ATP) the cell can use

central vacuole

May contain 90% of the cell volume

Contains mostly water, but also nutrients and waste

cell wall

Located outside the cell membrane

Plants, bacteria, algae, and fungi have these

Made of cellulose (polysaccharide)

chloroplast

type of plastid where photosynthesis takes place