NEUROLOGICAL SYSTEM

Autonomic response

functional division of the efferent branch of the PNS that is responsible for control of cardiac and smooth muscle, as well as glandular tissue

Somatic response

functional division of the nervous system that is concerned with conscious perception, voluntary movement, and skeletal muscle reflexes

CNS

Central nervous system, which includes the brain and spinal cord, responsible for processing and transmitting information throughout the body.

PNS

Peripheral nervous system; nerves

Stumili

Sensation- multiple things happening

From the PNS bringing the information to the brain and spinal cord to create a response

Afferent V. efferent brances of cns

Afferent - sensation

branch of the PNS. When information arises from sensory receptors in the skin, skeletal muscles, or joints, it is transmitted to the CNS using somatic sensory neurons; when information arises from sensory receptors in the blood vessels or internal organs, it is transmitted to the CNS using visceral sensory neurons.

efferent- response side

branch of the PNS carries signals away from the CNS to the effector organs. When the effector organ is a skeletal muscle, the neuron carrying the information is called a somatic motor neuron;

Effector organ

An effector organ is a muscle or gland that responds to signals from the nervous system, executing the appropriate action or response in reaction to stimuli.

deliver a response

Integration

nervous system function that processes sensory perceptions and produce a response

Somatic sensory

When a muscle is delivering information

For example- using your feet to touch the treadmil

Visceral sensory

When blood or an organ is delivering information

For example- sensation of heat due to running

Somoatic monitor

a system that detects and processes sensory information from the skeleton and muscles.

For example- contraction of leg muscle

Automatic motor

Neurons that control involuntary actions of internal organs.

For example- sweat glands activation, heart beating

Axon Hillock:

Where the soma and axon meet

Initial Segment

Where an action potential is generated (usually the axon hillock)

Myelin Sheath:

Electrical insulation, speed up the rate of conduction

Node of Ranvier:

Exposed segments of the axon

Terminal End

Site of information transfer between neurons

Synapse

The space the electiacl signal must "jump" tp reac the dendrite of the next neuron

Multipolar Neurons

Muscle tissue and most of the CNS

Bipolar Neurons

Specialized Sensory (not very common)

• Eyes, nasal cavity, inner ear

• Visual, smell, balance

Unipolar Neurons

• Sensory only

• Touch, pain, temperature

Glial cells:

supporting cells that maintain he extracellular environment, improve signal conduction & protects from pathogens

Blood Brain Barrier (BBB):

protective barrier preventing regular circulating blood from permeating the CNS (the CNS which circulates within cerebrospinal fluid)