PHS - Sudarshan Mahesh - Chapter 2 Health Care Sytsems

What events have led to changes in health care?

Wars, pandemics, new technology, and changing demographics

What are some new health related changes?

New drugs, revised treatments, emerging diseases

Why must health care workers be aware of changes?

Not just to remain competent but give safe, ethical care

What are some current trends in health care?

Cost containment, home healthcare, technology influence, societal shifts

What is cost containment?

Controlling rising healthcare costs while achieving maximum benefits for every dollar spent

When was the Affordable Care Act passed?

2010

What are the FOUR parts of the Affordable Care Act?

1. Everyone must be insured

2. Everyone has to play

3. Help to pay

4. Fairer rules

What is the goal of the Affordable Care Act?

To make healthcare more affordable

What are four technological advances that add to the cost of health care?

Organ transplants, artificial hearts, Computers for examining interna; body parts, Advanced technology prolongs life but increases need for lifelong care.

How does an aging population increase healthcare cost?

Increased use of pharmaceuticals, more chronic diseases, greater demand for healthcare services

What are health related lawsuits?

Expensive malpractice insurance, defensive medicine

What is defensive medicine?

Ordering unnecessary test

What are the consequences of high cost?

Limiting services to those who can pay, potentially reducing access for those unable to pay

What is a Diagnostic Related Group(DRG)?

Congressional attempt to control Medicare/Medicaid costs

What are Hospital-Acquired Conditions?

Infections acquired in hospitals

What is medicare?

Care for elderly

What is Free-for-service?

Payment per service rendered little incentive to limit cost

What is value based care?

Bundled payments for each diagnosis/treatment type

What are HMOs and PPOs?

Share services and lower cost per patient

What is the combination of services?

Agencies combine services and lower cost per patient

What are outpatient services?

Receive care without hospital admission.

What is mass/bulk purchasing?

Buying in large quantities at reduced cost

What are early intervention/preventive services?

Preventing illness is more cost effective than treating it

What is energy conservation?

Monitor and reduce energy use

What is the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality?

Improve quality, accessibility, equity, and affordability of care

What is the Healthcare workers role?

Maintain quality while minimizing waste

What is the Healthcare consumers role?

Take responsibility, know options, prevent illness

What is home healthcare?

Medical care provided at the patients home

What are the advantages of home health care?

Lower cost than hospital stays, familiar environment for patient ,promotes independence and recovery

What is the definition of geriatric care?

Healthcare for elderly

What is the goal of geriatric care?

meet physical, social, and emotional needs of older adults

What two factors contribute to the growth of geriatric care?

Longer life expectancy, baby boom generation if aging

What are four examples of geriatric care facilities or services

Adult daycare, retirement communities, assisted living facilities, long-term care facilities

What is telemedicine?

Virtual doctors appointment

What are two methods of telemedicine?

Video conference, transmission of medical images

What are the benefits of telemedicine?

Access to care for rural or underserved areas, no need to travel, quicker specialists consultations

What are three applications of telemedicine?

Remote monitoring of chronic conditions, follow-up appointments, emergency services support

Define Wellness

State of optimum health with a balanced relationship between physical, mental, and social well-being

What are five different types of wellness?

Physical wellness,Emotional wellness, Social wellness, Mental/intellectual wellness

What is the definition of Complementary and Alternative methods of health care?

Health care practices not traditionally performed in conventional medicine, often combined with standard treatment

What are six examples of CAM therapies?

Ayurvedic practitioners, chinese medicine practitioners, chiropractors, homeopaths, hypnotherapists, naturopaths

What is Pandemic preparedness?

Outbreak of disease occurring over a wide geographic area, affecting a high proportion of the population

What are two historical examples of pandemics?

1918 influenza, COVID-19

What is biotechnology?

Uses living systems to make products of healthcare

What are the potential benefits of biotechnology?

More effective treatments, personalized medicine tailored to genetic profile