chapter 12 vet med term

theriogenology

is used to describe animal reproduction or the study of producing beasts.

theri/o

breast

gen/o

producing

-logy

study

scrotum or scrotal sac

is the external pouch that encloses and supports the testes. The scrotum encloses the testes outside the body so that the testes are at a temperature lower than body temperature.

scrotum

bag

scrot/o

scrotum

perineum

The area between the scrotum and the anus in

males

perine/o

the area between the scrotum (or vulva) and anus

testes or testicles

the male sex glands that produce spermatozoa

testis

a single male sex gland

gonads

sex glands

orch/o

orchi/o

orchid/o

test/o

testicul/o

testes

sertoli cells

specialized cells in the testes that support and nourish sperm growth.

sperm or spermatozoa

are the male gametes, or sex cells.

spermatozoon

is one gamete.

sperm/o

spermat/o

spermatozoa

epidiymis

is the tube at the upper part of each testis that

secretes part of the semen, stores semen before ejac-ulation, and provides a passageway for sperm.

semen

is the ejaculatory fluid that contains sperm and the secretions of the accessory sex glands.

semin/i

semen

prostate gland

is a single gland that

surrounds or is near the urethra and may be well defined or diffuse depending on the species

prostat/o

prostate gland

bulbourethral glands

two glands located on either side of the urethra. The bulbourethral glands secrete a thick mucus that acts as a lubricant for sperm.

urethra

is a tube passing through the penis to the outside of the body; it serves both reproductive and urinary systems

urethr/o

urethra

penis

the male sex organ that carries reproductive and urinary products out of the body.

prepuce

is the retract-able fold of skin covering the glans penis

aka foreskin

os penis

which is a bone encased in the penile tissue.

pen/i

priap/o

penis

ovaries

are a small pair of organs located in the caudal abdomen

ova

eggs

ovari/o

oophor/o

female gonad

oo/o

ov/i

ov/o

egg

oncyte

egg cell

hyster/o

metri/o

uter/o

uterus

uterus

is a thick-walled, hollow organ with muscular walls and a mucous membrane lining that houses the developing embryo in pregnant females

cervix

= neck. The caudal portion of the uterus that extends into the vagina

cervic/o

neck

endometrium

= inner layer of the uterus

endo-

within

vagina

is the muscular tube lined with mucosa that extends from the cervix to the out-side of the body.

colp/o

vagin/o

vagina

vulva or pudendum

the female exter-nal genitalia, or pudendum (pyoo-dehn-duhm), is the external opening to the urogenital tract and consists of the vaginal orifice, vestibular glands, clitoris, hymen, and urethral orifice.

vulv/o

episi/o

vulva

perineum

region between the vaginal orifice and anus in females.

labia aka lips

are the fleshy borders or

edges of the vulva and are occasionally called the lips.

mammary glands

are milk-producing glands in females

udder

In large animals, the mammary gland

teat

the nipple area of the udder

quarters

four mammae in cows

estrous cycle aka heat cycle

occurs at the onset of puberty and contin-ues throughout an animal’s life. The ability to sexually reproduce begins at puberty and varies among species. The estrous cycle prepares the uterus to accept a fertil-ized ovum.

ovulation

The graafian follicle ruptures, a process called

polyestrous

= having more than one estrous or heat cycle per year.

spontaneous ovulators

animals in which ovum release occurs cyclically

induced ovulators

in which the ovum is released only after copulation; also called reflex ovulators .

seasonally

pertaining to a specific time of year. For example, queens are seasonally polyestrous. The queen will have multiple cycles from January through October (varies depending on photope-riod and geographic location)

copulate

to allow the sperm from the male to be transferred into the female.

coitus and copulation

are terms that mean sexual intercourse

copulat/o

coit/o

joining together

ejaculate

is to release semen during copulation.

ejaculat/o

throw or hurl

fertilization

is the union of ovum and sperm

placenta aka afterbirth

h) is the female organ of mammals that develops during pregnancy and joins mother and offspring for exchange of nutrients, oxygen, and waste products.

umbilical cord

is the structure that forms where the fetus communicates with the placenta.

umbilicus aka navel

is the structure that forms on the abdominal wall where the umbilical cord was connected to the fetus.

umbilic/o

navel

amnion aka amniotic sac or bag of waters

The innermost mem-brane enveloping the embryo in the uterus

allantois

innermost layer of the placenta

gestation

is the period of development of the fetus in the uterus from conception to parturition and is the term more commonly used in reference to animals.

gest/o

gestat/o

gestation

viable

when the fetus is capable of living outside the mother. Viability depends on the species and the age and weight of the fetus.

gravid/o

pregnant

multiparous

female who has borne multiple offspring during the same gestation

litter

is a group of offspring born during the same labor

viviparous

bearing live young

vivi-

live

opiparous

bearing eggs

ovi

egg

ovovivparous

producing eggs that are hatched within the body, so that young are born alive but without placental attachment such as snakes.

parturition aka labor

the act of giving birth

part/o

giving birth

antepartum period

The period before the onset of labor

postpartum

the period immediately after labor

neonate

the newborn

colostrum

a thick fluid that contains nutrients and anti-bodies needed by the neonate.

lactation

the process of forming and secreting milk.

amniocentesis

surgical puncture with a needle through the abdominal and uterine walls to obtain amniotic fluid to evaluate the fetus.

abortion

termination of pregnancy.

abort/o

premature expulsion of a nonviable fetus

cryptorchidism aka undescended testicle

developmental defect in which one or both testes fail to descend into the scrotum

dystocia

difficult birth; the female is having difficulty expelling the fetus.

-tocia

birth or labor

hermaphroditism

condition of having both ovarian and testicular tissue.

mastitis

inflammation of the mammary gland

metritis

inflammation of the uterus

orchitis aka testitis

inflammation of the gonads of the male

paraphimosis

retraction of the skin of the prepuce causing a painful swelling of the glans penis that prevents the penis from being retracted; the penis is extruded from the prepuce but cannot be returned to its normal position

phim/o

muzzling or constriction of a orfice

priapism

persistent penile erection not associated with sexual excitement.

pseudocyesis aka pseudopregnancy

false pregnancy