Section 2 - Key Figures
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34 Terms
Who are considered the first ancestors of the Jewish people?
Abraham and Sarah.
Why is Abraham important in Judaism?
He established the covenant with God and began the journey to Canaan.
Where did God command Abraham to travel from and to?
From Ur (Mesopotamia) to Canaan.
Around what year is Abraham’s journey dated?
Approximately 1800 BCE.
Why did Abraham briefly travel to Egypt?
There was a famine in Canaan.
Who led the Israelites out of slavery in Egypt?
Moses.
Why is Moses considered the greatest prophet in Judaism?
He delivered the Hebrews from slavery and received the Ten Commandments.
Where did Moses encounter God according to the Bible?
In the burning bush.
What central laws did Moses receive from God?
The Ten Commandments.
What major event defines the Exodus story?
The Israelites’ escape from slavery in Egypt.
Who led the Israelites after Moses and conquered Jericho?
Joshua.
How did Joshua reportedly bring down the walls of Jericho?
By marching around the city with the Ark of the Covenant and blowing trumpets.
Who was the first king to unite the 12 Tribes of Israel?
King Saul.
Who succeeded Saul and became one of Israel’s most famous kings?
King David.
What is King David known for?
Uniting Israel, conquering Jerusalem, and establishing it as the capital.
Who were the main enemies of Israel during David’s youth?
The Philistines.
What famous event involved David and a Philistine?
David’s battle with Goliath.
What city did David conquer to establish his capital?
Jerusalem.
Who was David’s son who became king after him?
Solomon.
What is King Solomon best known for building?
The First Temple of Jerusalem.
Why is Solomon associated with polytheism in the Bible?
He allowed foreign gods and worship practices, violating monotheism.
What happened to Israel after Solomon’s death?
The kingdom split into Israel (north) and Judah (south).
Who destroyed the First Temple?
The Babylonians under Nebuchadnezzar II.
Which Persian ruler allowed the Jews to return from exile?
Cyrus the Great.
Why is Cyrus the Great important to Jewish history?
He allowed Jews to return to Jerusalem and rebuild the Temple.
What Jewish leader oversaw the rebuilding of the Second Temple?
Zerubbabel.
Who ruled Judea as a client king under Rome and renovated the Second Temple?
Herod the Great.
What was one of Herod the Great’s major architectural achievements?
The massive expansion of the Second Temple (Herod’s Temple).
What kind of ruler was Herod the Great?
A Roman-appointed client king known for grand building projects and harsh policies.
Which Roman general conquered Judea in 63 BCE?
Pompey the Great.
Which emperor ruled during the destruction of the Second Temple?
Emperor Titus.
Which Roman emperor renamed Judea to Syria-Palestina?
Emperor Hadrian.
Who led the Jewish revolt known as the Bar Kokhba Revolt?
Simon Bar Kokhba.