Organic unit 1

alkane

a structure that is made of hydrocarbons and contains only single bonds

hydrocarbon

a compound primarily composed of hydrogen and carbon atoms, which can be aliphatic or aromatic in nature.

1 carbon

is a hydrocarbon known as methane, the simplest alkane.

2 carbon

is a hydrocarbon known as ethane, which is the second simplest alkane.

3 carbon

is a hydrocarbon known as propane, which is the third simplest alkane.

4 carbon

is a hydrocarbon known as butane, which is the fourth simplest alkane.

5 carbon

is a hydrocarbon known as pentane, which is the fifth simplest alkane.

6 carbon

is a hydrocarbon known as hexane, which is the sixth simplest alkane.

7 carbon

is a hydrocarbon known as heptane, which is the seventh simplest alkane.

8 carbon

is a hydrocarbon known as octane, which is the eighth simplest alkane.

9 carbon

is a hydrocarbon known as nonane, which is the eighth simplest alkane.

10 carbon

is a hydrocarbon known as decane, which is the tenth simplest alkane.

homologs

are organic compounds that differ by a repeating unit, typically in the context of alkanes, each having the general formula $C<em>nH</em>{2n+2}$.

methylene group

CH₂

constitutional isomers

are compounds with the same molecular formula but different connectivity of their atoms.

alkyl group

is a functional group derived from an alkane by removing one hydrogen atom

H replaced by OH

`creates an alcohol group.

H replaced by NH₂

creates an amine group.

H replaced by a halogen

creates a alkyl halide group.

H replaced by OR

creates an ether group.

Hydrogen is removed from a primary carbon of propane

propyl group

Hydrogen is removed from a secondary carbon of propane

creates an isopropyl group.

butyl

group derived from butane by removing a hydrogen atom, resulting in a four-carbon alkyl group.

isobutyl

group derived from isobutane by removing a hydrogen atom, resulting in a four-carbon branched alkyl group.

sec-butyl

group derived from butane by removing a hydrogen atom from a secondary carbon, resulting in a four-carbon branched alkyl group.

tert-butyl

group derived from butane by removing a hydrogen atom from a tertiary carbon, resulting in a four-carbon branched alkyl group.

parent hydrocarbon

the longest continuous carbon chain in a molecular structure, from which alkyl groups and functional groups are derived.

cycloalkane

A saturated hydrocarbon in which carbon atoms are arranged in a ring structure.