AP HGAP unit 3 culture

Acculturation

the adoption of the behavior patterns of the surrounding culture

animism

The belief that bodies of water, animals, trees, and other natural objects have spirits

assimilation

the social process of absorbing one cultural group into harmony with another

centrifugal force

a force that divides people and countries

centripetal force

An attitude that tends to unify people in a state

colonialism

Attempt by one country to establish settlements and to impose its political, economic, and cultural principles in another territory.

Contagious Diffusion

The rapid, widespread diffusion of a feature or trend throughout a population.

Creolization (Creole Language)

the blending of two or more cultural elements to make a new distinct identity

culture

Beliefs, customs, and traditions of a specific group of people.

cultural trait

A single element of normal practice in a culture, such as the wearing of a turban.(custom, practice, artifacts)

culture complex

a unique combination of culture traits for a particular culture group

cultural convergence

The tendency for cultures to become more alike as they increasingly interact and share ideas practices and values

cultural divergence

The likelihood or tendency for cultures to become increasingly dissimilar with the passage of time.

cultural diffusion

the spread of cultural elements from one society to another

cultural landscape

the visible imprint of human activity and culture on the landscape

cultural relativism

not judging a culture but trying to understand it on its own terms

custom

Practice routinely followed by a group of people.

dialect

a FORM of language spoken by people in a particular region or group, variation

diaspora

A dispersion of people from their homeland

endangered language

a language that children are no longer learning, and its remaining speakers use it less frequently

ethnic religion

religion that is identified with a particular ethnic or tribal group

ethnicity

Identity with a group of people that share distinct physical and mental traits as a product of common heredity and cultural traditions.

ethnocentrism

belief in the superiority of one's own ethnic group

expansion diffusion

when innovations spread to new places while staying strong in their original locations

fundamentalism

Literal interpretation and strict adherence to basic principles of a religion (or a religious branch, denomination, or sect).

globalization

the increasing connection of economic, cultural, and political characteristics across the world

heirarchial diffusion

The spread of an idea from persons or nodes of authority or power to other persons or places

imperialism

A policy of extending a country's power and influence through diplomacy or military force.

indigenous

native

isogloss

a geographic boundary within which a particular linguistic feature occurs

language

A system of communication used by a particular group of people

language families

Group of languages with a common ancestor

language tree

a representation of the relationships of languages to each other

lingua franca

A language mutually understood and commonly used in trade and business by people who have different native languages

monotheism

Belief in one God

multiculturalism

coexistence of diverse cultural groups within a society promoting appreciation of different cultures

official language

The language adopted for use by the government

pidgin language

A form of speech that adopts a simplified grammar and limited vocabulary of a lingua franca, used for communications among speakers of two different languages.

polytheism

Belief in many gods

popular culture

set of widely shared beliefs practices and trends that are dominant within a society

relocation diffusion

the spread of an idea through physical movement of people from one place to another

sense of place

Feelings evoked by people as a result of certain experiences and memories associated with a particular place.

sequent occupance

different cultures interact with each other inside a shared space

stimulus diffusion

a form of cultural diffusion that occurs when a specific trait or idea is adopted from one culture by another, but the original trait is modified or transformed in the process

Syncretism

a blending of beliefs and practices from different religions into one faith

taboo

A restriction on behavior imposed by social custom.

theocracy

A government controlled by religious leaders

toponyms

place names