COMPUTER GRAPHICS FINAL EXAM REVIEWER

For this course we will be using the DEvC++ IDE. Which version of IDE does this course recommend?

BloodShed

Orwell DevCpp

MingW

GCC

Orwell DevCpp

Vertex Buffer Objects (VBOs) allow vertex data to be uploaded and stored in the video card's memory instead of the system memory.

True

False

True

Which of the following OpenGL functions generates a buffer ID?

glBindBuffer()

glGenBuffers()

glBufferData()

glEnableClientState()

glGenBuffers()

glewInit() must be called before the creation of the OpenGL window.

True

False

False

Which of the following specifies how often data in a VBO will change?

GL_STATIC_DRAW

GL_DYNAMIC_DRAW

GL_STREAM_DRAW

All of the above

All of the above

Matrix multiplication in OpenGL uses 4x4 matrices for transformations.

True

False

True

Which matrix is used to change the position of an object?

Scaling Matrix

Translation Matrix

Rotation Matrix

Identity Matrix

Translation Matrix

When using color arrays, glEnableClientState(GL_COLOR_ARRAY) must be enabled before drawing.

True

False

True

OpenGL's glVertexPointer() function defines an array of vertex data.

True

False

True

In homogeneous coordinates, if w = 1, the vector represents a direction in space.

True

False

False

Which of the following functions is used to render primitives from array data?

glDrawArrays()

glDrawBuffer()

glColorPointer()

glArrayElement()

glDrawArrays()

Using VBOs improves performance because vertex data is stored and processed on the GPU.

True

False

True

What should be called after modifying a mapped buffer object?

glBindBuffer()

glBufferData()

glUnmapBuffer()

glDisableClientState()

glUnmapBuffer()

What is the purpose of glMapBuffer() in VBOs?

To delete the buffer

To map the buffer object into the client's memory

To bind a texture

To clear the color buffer

To map the buffer object into the client's memory

When glMapBuffer() is called, it immediately returns control to the program even if the GPU is still using the buffer.

True

False

False

The glEnableClientState(GL_VERTEX_ARRAY) function is used to enable vertex array usage.

True

False

True

GLUT was originally written by.

Graydon Hoare

James Gosling

Mark Kilgard

Ivan Sutherland

Mark Kilgard

On what version of OpenGL does the original GLUT was abandoned?

3.7

1.7

2.5

4.3

3.7

It is a free-software/open source alternative to the OpenGL Utility Toolkit library.

GCC

MingW

Freeglut

LLVM

Freeglut

What does GLUT stands for?

OpenGL Utility Toolkit

OpenGL Utility Template

OpenGL User Tools

OpenGL User Graphical Text

OpenGL Utility Toolkit

In creating an OpenGL application in Dev-C++, what type of project should be selected?

DLL

Windows Application

Static Library

Console Application

Console Application

Where do you add the include and library folders of freeglut?

Project->Options->Directories

Project->Add To Project

Project->New File

Tools->Package Manager

Project->Options->Directories

What additional command line options do you include for an OpenGL program to work in Dev-C++?

-lfreeglut

-lglu32

-lopengl32

All of the above

All of the above

A command line option needed for the successful compilation of an OpenGL application.

-lfreeglut

-lopengl

-lgraphics

-lfreegl

-lfreeglut

Which of the following is the proper declaration of a pointer?

int *x;

int x;

int &x;

ptr x;

int *x;

OpenGL is best described as:

A graphics hardware device

A computer graphics rendering API

An operating system component

A programming language

A computer graphics rendering API

Which company first developed OpenGL?

Microsoft

Silicon Graphics (SGI)

IBM

Oracle

Silicon Graphics (SGI)

The first version of OpenGL was released in:

1990

1992

1994

1996

1994

OpenGL operates using which model?

Object-Oriented Model

Client-Server Model

Event-Driven Model

MVC Model

Client-Server Model

Which organization currently manages OpenGL standards?

ISO

IEEE

Khronos Group

ACM

Khronos Group

The latest version of OpenGL mentioned in the slides is:

3

4

4.5

5

4.5

In the sample OpenGL program, which function clears the screen buffer?

glEnd()

glBegin()

glClear()

glFlush()

glClear()

Which OpenGL function specifies the start of a primitive?

glStart()

glVertex()

glDraw()

glBegin()

glBegin()

What is the role of glEnd()?

Ends a list of vertices

Ends a program

Clears memory

Closes the window

Ends a list of vertices

Which OpenGL function forces buffered commands to execute?

glClear()

glBegin()

glDrawArrays()

glFlush()

glFlush()

Which keyword is used to define a function in C++?

method

func

function

No keyword required

No keyword required

What is the default return type of a function in C++ if none is specified?

void

int

float

double

void

Which of the following correctly defines a function prototype in C++?

int sum(int, int);

sum(int, int);

function sum(int, int);

prototype sum(int, int);

int sum(int, int);

What is a function that calls itself called?

inline function

overloadded function

recursive function

friend function

recursive function

Which of the following is true about inline functions?

Defined inside a class only

Compiler always expands inline functions

They reduce function call overhead

They can only return integers

They reduce function call overhead

What is the purpose of the return statement?

to stop a loop

to end a function and return a value

to return a value

to allocae memory

to end a function and return a value

Which function type does not return any value?

vois

int

double

char

vois

What happens if a function is declared but not defined in C++?

compiler ignores it

linker error occurs

it runs with default behavior

it is treated as inline

linker error occurs

Which keyword is used to define a function inside a class?

inline function

member

nothing spacial, just declare normally

func

nothing spacial, just declare normally

Which of the following allows multiple functions with the same name but different parameters?

Function overriding

Function overloading

Function templating

Operator overloading

Function overloading

What is computer graphics primarily concerned with?

Group of answer choices

Editing audio

Writing novels

Managing databases

Creating and manipulating visual content using computers

Creating and manipulating visual content using computers

Which programming language is widely used for graphics due to performance and memory control?

Group of answer choices

Ruby

C++

Python

Java

C++

What does GPU stand for?

Group of answer choices

Global Performance Utility

Graphics Processing Unit

Graphical Programming Utility

General Processing Unit

Graphics Processing Unit

Which of the following is a raster graphics format?

Group of answer choices

DWG

SVG

Postscript

PNG

PNG

Which graphics type is scalable without loss of quality?

Group of answer choices

Bitmap

Raster

Pixmap

Vector

Vector

Who is considered a pioneer of computer graphics?

Group of answer choices

Alan Turing

John Carmack

Ivan Sutherland

Tim Berners-Lee

Ivan Sutherland

What is the aspect ratio of a screen with 4 horizontal units and 3 vertical units?

Group of answer choices

1:1

3:4

16:9

4:3

4:3

Which application area uses computer graphics for virtual surgery simulations?

Group of answer choices

Scientific Visualization

Medical Visualization

AR

CAD

Medical Visualization

What does VRAM stand for?

Group of answer choices

Video RAM

Visual RAM

Variable RAM

Virtual RAM

Video RAM

Which bit depth supports 256 tones?

Group of answer choices

4-bit

8-bit

24-bit

16-bit

8-bit

Which rendering algorithm introduced in 1980 simulates global illumination using ray tracing?

Group of answer choices

Anti-aliasing

Ray tracing

Z-buffer

Radiosity

Ray tracing

Which graphics pioneer developed the Sketchpad system?

Group of answer choices

Sutherland

Catmull

Blinn

Warnock

Sutherland

Which lighting model includes ambient, diffuse, and specular components?

Group of answer choices

Gouraud

Phong

Lambert

Blinn

Phong

What is the primary advantage of vector graphics over raster graphics?

Group of answer choices

Smaller file size

Better color depth

Scalability without pixelation

Faster rendering

Scalability without pixelation

Which algorithm solves the visibility problem by sorting surfaces?

Group of answer choices

Z-buffer

Warnock

Appel

Sutherland

Sutherland

Which rendering equation was introduced by Kajiya in 1986?

Group of answer choices

Radiosity

Rendering equation

Ray tracing

Shade trees

Rendering equation

Which bit depth supports over 16 million tones?

Group of answer choices

24-bit

32-bit

8-bit

16-bit

24-bit

Which file format is used for vector graphics in web applications?

Group of answer choices

TIFF

SVG

PNG

JPG

SVG

Which graphics concept studies how humans perceive light and visual information?

Group of answer choices

Simulation

Perception

Visualization

Rendering

Perception

Which graphics technique uses physics to animate models over time?

Group of answer choices

Shading

Modeling

Rendering

Simulation

Simulation

What is one purpose of using functions in programming?

Group of answer choices

To increase memory usage

To reuse abstractions

To complicate the code

To make the program longer

To reuse abstractions

The sqrt() function calculates the square root of a number.

Group of answer choices

False

True

True

Which of the following is a function with no return value and no parameter?

Group of answer choices

int addTwoNumbers(int n1, int n2)

void displayHello()

void printit(int x)

int addTwo()

void displayHello()

The int main() function is the only required function in a C++ program.

Group of answer choices

False

True

False

What does the fabs() function return?

Group of answer choices

The logarithm of a number

The floor of a number

The absolute value of a floating-point number

The cube root of a number

The absolute value of a floating-point number

The pow(x, y) function raises x to the power of y.

Group of answer choices

False

True

True

What is the output of cout << "Hello World..." << endl;?

Group of answer choices

Hello World...

"Hello World..."

cout

endl

Hello World...

What is a function prototype?

Group of answer choices

A declaration that tells the compiler about a function's valid input and output

The main part of a function

The body of a function

A variable that stores a function

A declaration that tells the compiler about a function's valid input and output

What is the value of cbrt(27.0)?

Group of answer choices

-3.0

9.0

3.0

27.0

3

Which of the following is a purpose of the return statement?

Group of answer choices

It tells the computer to leave the function immediately.

It tells the computer to call another function.

It tells the computer to ignore the function.

It tells the computer to repeat the function.

It tells the computer to leave the function immediately.

What is the value of addTwoNumbers(10, 100) given the example code in the presentation?

Group of answer choices

100

50

110

10

110

Which of the following is a key characteristic of a well-defined function according to the presentation?

Group of answer choices

It should perform a single well-defined task.

It should always have a return value.

It should have multiple purposes.

It should be as long as possible.

It should perform a single well-defined task.

Which of the following are examples of functions with a parameter and a return value?

Group of answer choices

void displayHello()

void displaySomething(string str, int count)

int addTwo()

int addTwoNumbers(int n1, int n2)

int addTwoNumbers(int n1, int n2)

What is the output of fmod(13.657, 2.333)?

Group of answer choices

1.992

1.991

13.657

11.324

1.992

What is the output of addTwoNumbers(addTwo(), 100) given the example code?

#include

#include

#include

int result;

int addTwo() {

return 15;

}

int addTwoNumbers(int a, int b) {

return a + b;

}

void display() {

glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);

std::string text = "Result = " + std::to_string(result);

glColor3f(1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f);

glRasterPos2f(-0.2f, 0.0f);

for (char c : text) {

glutBitmapCharacter(GLUT_BITMAP_HELVETICA_18, c);

}

glFlush();

}

int main(int argc, char** argv)

result = addTwoNumbers(addTwo(), 100);

std::cout << "Result = " << result << std::endl;

glutInit(&argc, argv);

glutInitDisplayMode(GLUT_SINGLE | GLUT_RGB);

glutInitWindowSize(400, 200);

glutCreateWindow("Function Output Example");

glClearColor(0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0); // background = black

glutDisplayFunc(display);

glutMainLoop();

return 0;

}

115

What is the purpose of the using namespace std; statement?

Group of answer choices

It creates a new namespace called std.

It includes the standard input/output library.

It is a required part of all C++ programs.

It allows the program to use identifiers from the std namespace without the std:: prefix.

It allows the program to use identifiers from the std namespace without the std:: prefix.

Which of the following is an example of an int function with no parameters?

Group of answer choices

int addTwo()

void printit()

int addTwoNumbers(int n1, int n2)

void displaySomething(string str, int count)

int addTwo()

What does the return 0; statement in int main() typically signify?

Group of answer choices

The program executed successfully.

An error occurred.

The program is about to loop.

A value of 0 is being returned.

The program executed successfully.

A function's "contract" defines its inputs and outputs.

Group of answer choices

False

True

True

What is the value of floor(-9.8)?

Group of answer choices

9.0

10.0

-9.0

-10.0

-10

What does OpenGL stand for?

Group of answer choices

Open Game Library

OpenGL Application

Open Graphics Language

Open Graphics Library

Open Graphics Library

The OpenGL rendering pipeline is a sequence of stages that processes 3D data to produce a 2D image.

Group of answer choices

True

False

True

Which of the following is a fixed-function stage of the OpenGL rendering pipeline?

Group of answer choices

Geometry Shader

Vertex Shader

Fragment Shader

Rasterization

Rasterization

Which company first developed OpenGL?

Group of answer choices

Silicon Graphics

Microsoft

NVIDIA

Khronos Group

Silicon Graphics

The Geometry Shader is a mandatory stage of the rendering pipeline.

Group of answer choices

True

False

False

What is the purpose of the Fragment Shader?

Group of answer choices

To convert primitives into fragments

To process vertex data

To assemble primitives

To determine the final color of a fragment

To determine the final color of a fragment

Which of the following is a geometric primitive in OpenGL?

Group of answer choices

Textures

Spheres

Polygons

Pixels

Polygons

What is a "programmable stage" in the OpenGL pipeline?

Group of answer choices

A stage that cannot be changed

A stage where developers can write custom code called shaders

A stage that only uses fixed functions

A stage for memory management

A stage where developers can write custom code called shaders

What does the glutCreateWindow() function do?

Group of answer choices

Sets the window size

Initializes the OpenGL library

Creates a window on the screen with a specified title

Creates a new thread for the program

Creates a window on the screen with a specified title

What is the purpose of the glFlush() command?

Group of answer choices

To create a new primitive

To clear the color buffer

To close the window

To force buffered OpenGL commands to execute

To force buffered OpenGL commands to execute

What is the Khronos Group?

Group of answer choices

A company that manufactures GPUs

The original developer of OpenGL

An industry consortium that manages open, royalty-free standards

A library for creating 3D graphics

An industry consortium that manages open, royalty-free standards

The glutInit() function must be called before other GLUT and OpenGL functions.

Group of answer choices

False

True

True

What is the purpose of glVertex2f()?

Group of answer choices

To draw a line

To specify a color

To end a list of vertices

To specify the location of a vertex

To specify the location of a vertex

What is the purpose of glutMainLoop()?

Group of answer choices

To define a callback function

To enter an infinite event-processing loop

To clear the window

To draw the primitives

To enter an infinite event-processing loop

What is the term for a property that determines how a primitive is displayed by OpenGL?

Group of answer choices

Primitive

Attribute

Mask

Vertex

Attribute