KINES 227: Intro to Structural Kinesiology

Kinesiology

the study of the principles of anatomy (active and passive structures), physiology, and mechanics in relation to human movement

Structural Kinesiology

the study of muscles, bones, and joints as they are involved in the science of movement

Anatomical Position

• standing upright

• feet parallel to the floor

• eyes are looking forward

• arms at side

• palms facing forward

• thumbs pointing away from the body

Fetal Position

lying on either side with spine flexed, head flexed toward chest, and extremities flexed and drawn toward the torso

Hook Lying

lying supine with hips flexed approximately 45 degrees and knees flex approximately 90 degrees with feet flat on the surface; also known as dorsal recumbent

Lateral Recumbent

lying on the side (may be right or left), knees and hips may be straight or slightly flexed; also known as lateral decubitus position

Long Sitting

sitting with legs extended forward, toes pointed, trunk erect, and hands a=on hips

Prone

face-downward position of the body; lying on the stomach

Short Sitting

sitting upright with knees flexed and legs hanging over the edge of the surface

Supine

face-upward position of the body; lying on the back

Mid-Axillary Line

line running vertically down the lateral surface of the body passing through the apex of the axilla (armpit)

Mid-Sternal Line

line running vertically down the surface of the body passing through the middle of the sternum

Anterior Axillary Line

line that is parallel to the mid-axillary line and passes through the anterior axillary skinfold

Posterior Axillary Line

line that is parallel to the mid-axillary line and passes through the posterior axillary skinfold

Mid-Clavicular Line

line running vertically down the surface of the body passing through the mid-point of the clavicle

Mid-Inguinal Point

point midway between the anterior superior iliac spine and the pubic symphysis

Scapula Line

line running vertically down the posterior surface of the body passing through the inferior angle of the scapula

Vertebral Line

line running vertically down through the spinous processes of the spine

Anterior

in front or in the front part

Anteroinferior

in front and below

Anterolateral

in front and to the outside

Anteromedial

in front and toward the inner side or midline

Anteroposterior

relating to both front and rear

Anterosuperior

in front and above

Bilateral

relating to the right and left sides of the body or of a body structure such as the right and left extremities

Caudal

below in relation to another structure; inferior

Caudocephalad

directionally from tail to head in the long axis of the body

Cephalic

above in relation to another structure; higher, superior

Cephalocaudal

directionally from head to tail in the long axis of the body

Contralateral

pertaining or relating to the opposite side

Deep

beneath or below the surface; used to describe relative depth or location of muscles or tissue

Dexter

relating to, or situated to the right or on the right side of

Distal

situated away from the center or midline of the body, or away from the point of origin

Dorsal (dorsum)

relating to the back being or located near, on, or toward the back, posterior part, or upper surface of; also relating to the top of the foot

Dorsoventral

relating to the axis joining the dorsal and ventral aspects of the body

Fibular

relating to the fibular (lateral) side of the knee, leg, ankle, or foot; also referred to as peroneal when specifically referring to the lateral leg

Inferior (infra)

below in relation to another structure; caudal

Inferolateral

below and to the outside

Inferomedial

below and toward the midline or inside

Ipsilateral

on the same side

Lateral

on or to the side; outside, farther from the median or midsagittal plane

Medial

relating to the middle or center; nearer to the median or midsagittal plane

Median

relating to, located in, or extending toward the middle; situated in the middle, medial

Palmar

relating to the palm or volar aspect of the hand

Plantar

relating to the sole or undersurface of the foot

Posterior

behind, in back, or in the rear

Posteroinferior

behind or in back and below

Posteroinferior

behind or in back and below

Posterolateral

behind and to one side, specifically to the outside

Posteromedial

behind and to the inner side

Posterosuperior

behind or in back and above

Proximal

nearest the trunk or the point of origin

Proximodistal

from the center of the body out toward the distal ends of appendages

Radial

relating to the radial (lateral) side of the foreman or hand

Rostral

near or toward the head, especially the front of the head

Scapular Plane

in line with the normal resting position of the scapula as it lies on the posterior rib cage; movements in the scapular planes are in line with the scapular, which is at an of 30 to 45 degrees from the frontal plane

Sinister

relating to, or situated to the left or on the left side of

Superficial

near the surface; used to describe relative depth or location of muscles of tissue

Superior (supra)

above in relation to another structure; higher, cephalic

Superolateral

above and to the outside

Superomedial

above and toward the midline or inside

Tibial

relating to the tibial (medial) side of the knee, leg, ankle or foot

Ulnar

relating to the ulnar (medial) side of the forearm or hand

Unilateral

relating to one side of the body

Ventral

relating to the belly or abdomen, on or toward the front, anterior part of

Volar

relating to palm of the hand or sole of the foot

Anteversion

abnormal or excessive forward rotation of a structure in the transverse plane, such as femoral anteversion

Kyphosis

increased curving of the spine outward or backward in the sagittal plane

Lordosis

increase curving of the spine inward or forward in the sagittal

Recurvatum

bending backward in the sagittal plane beyond the normal range, as in knee hyperextension

Retroversion

abnormal or excessive backward rotation of a structure in the transverse plane, such as femoral retroversion

Scoliosis

lateral curving of the spine in the frontal plane

Valgus

outward angulation of the distal segment of a bond or joint in the frontal plane, as in knock-knees

Varus

inward angulation of the distal segment of a bone or joint in the frontal plane, as in bowlegs

Cardinal Planes

specific planes that divide the body exactly into two halves

• sagittal plane

• frontal plane

• transverse plane

Cephalic

“head” is the common name

Frontal

also known as the forehead

Occipital

also known as the base of skull

Orbital

also known as the eye

Otic

also known as the ear

Nasal

also known as the nose

Buccal

also known as the cheek

Oral

also known as the mouth

Mental

also known as the chin

Trunk

common names include “thoracic”, “dorsal”, “abdominal”, “pelvic”

Clavicular

also known as the collar bone

Pectoral

also known as the chest

Sternal

also known as the breastbone

Costal

also known as the rib

Scapula

also known as the shoulder blade

Vertebral

also known as the spinal column

Lumbar

also known as the lower back

Coxal

also known as the hip

Sacral

also known as the area/region between the hips

Gluteal

also known as the buttock

Upper Limbs

common names are “shoulder” and “manual”

Acromial

point of shoulder

Axillary

also known as the armpit

Brachial

also known as the arm

Olecranon

point of elbow